diff --git "a/eval_predictions.json" "b/eval_predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/eval_predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,11875 @@ +{ + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": " France", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": " 10th and 11th centuries", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": " 10th", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": " Richard I", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " Christian", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": " Richard I", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": " 9th century", + "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", + "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": " 9th century", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": " 911", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " King Charles III", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " The area corresponded to the northern part of present-day Upper Normandy down to the river Seine", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": " Viking incursions", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "", + "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "", + "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": " north", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " fighting horsemen", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " the Seljuk Turks", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": " the Normans", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": " the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": " 1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": " 1060s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Alexius Komnenos", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": " Herv\u00e9", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": " 1050s", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Oursel", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Turkish forces", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": " into the upper Euphrates valley in northern Syria", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Italo-Norman named Raoul", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": " Byzantine Greece", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " 1085", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": " 30,000", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": " 30,000", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " Deabolis", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Bohemond", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Deabolis", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": " Robert", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": " 1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " Dyrrachium", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": " Adriatic", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": " Dyrrachium", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": " Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": " Sweyn Forkbeard", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": " 1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": " 1041", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": " English cavalry force", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " Duke William II of Normandy", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": " 1066", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " Anglo-Saxons", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": " Early Norman kings of England", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " Modern English", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": " Geoffrey Chaucer", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": " 1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": " Bannow Bay", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " King Malcolm III", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": " 1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " his son Duncan", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": " Margaret", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": " Duncan", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": " Normans and Norman", + "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": " Sybilla of Normandy", + "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " the Welsh", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": " Edward the Confessor", + "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", + "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " the Marches", + "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", + "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": " 1018", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": " William of Montreuil", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": " Antioch", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": " Roger de Tosny", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": " 1097", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " Tancred", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " Jerusalem", + "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": " 1097", + "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": " Tancred", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": " 380 years", + "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", + "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " a storm", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Berengaria", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": " 1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Isaac Komnenos", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Conrad of Montferrat", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " silver", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " Guy de Lusignan", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": " Guy de Lusignan", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": " local barons", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": " Africa", + "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "", + "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Maciot de Bethencourt", + "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "", + "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " the Channel Islands", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": " two", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " Romanesque", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": " rounded", + "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " Kingdom of Sicily", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the dukes", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": " 16th century", + "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", + "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": " embroidery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " Bayeux Tapestry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": " Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", + "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", + "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " mosaics", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": " metalwork", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": " 11th", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": " William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", + "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": " classical music", + "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": " southern Italy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": " Robert Guiscard", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " singing", + "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " their inherent difficulty", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": " computational problem", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": " a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": " requires significant resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": " mathematical models of computation", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": " time and storage", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": " number of gates", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": " time and storage", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": " analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": " computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": " computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": " computational complexity theory", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " a problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " a problem", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " concrete", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " the solution", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": " problem instance", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": " 2000", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": " bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " binary notation", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " adjacency matrices", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": " yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": " yes", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": " yes", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "Decision problems", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": " yes", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " arbitrary", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " formal language", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " a computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " a single", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " function problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " integer factorization problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " complex", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": " a computational problem", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": " complex", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " as decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " triples", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": " the size of the input in bits", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": " the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " as a function of the size of the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " bits", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " increase in the input size", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": " as a function of the size of the instance", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " Cobham's", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": " the time taken", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " T(n)", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": " polynomial time algorithm", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " an algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": " the Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " symbols", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "A Turing machine", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "A Turing machine", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": " Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " a fixed set of rules", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " probabilistic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " non-deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " randomized algorithms", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " resources (such as time or space) are bounded", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": " resources (such as time or space) are bounded", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": " random access machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " time and memory", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": " machines operate deterministically", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": " time and memory consumption", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": " non-deterministic", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " more unusual resources", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": " mathematical models", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": " non-deterministic time", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " their difficulty", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " DTIME(f(n))", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": " DTIME(f(n))", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " computational", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": " Blum complexity axioms", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " complexity measures", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " complexity", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": " best, worst and average", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " inputs", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " worst-case", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": " solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": " analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " lower bounds", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " running time at most", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "all possible algorithms", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": " big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " constant factors and smaller terms", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": " T(n) = O(n2)", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " computational model", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": " O(n2)", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": " complexity classes", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " complicated definitions", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": " the chosen machine model", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " single-tape", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": " Cobham-Edmonds", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " complexity class P", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": " Cobham-Edmonds", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " complexity classes", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BPP, ZPP and RP", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " Boolean circuits", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " quantum", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " #P", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " Interactive", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " computation time", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": " DTIME(n2)", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " a proper hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": " quantitative", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " PSPACE", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " reduces to Y", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " the bound on the complexity of reductions", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " an algorithm for multiplying two integers", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " multiplication", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " the type of reduction being used", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " solve any problem in C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " NP-hard problems", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " NP-complete", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " there is no known polynomial-time solution", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " NP", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " NP", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": " complexity class P", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " many important problems can be shown to have more efficient solutions", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " protein structure prediction", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " US$1,000,000", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " Ladner", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " The graph isomorphism problem, the discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": " graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " second", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": " Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " k", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " cryptographic", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " general number field sieve", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " P = PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " between P and PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " reversed", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " P is not equal to NP", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": " if these two complexity classes are not equal then P is not equal to NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " L", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " complexity classes", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " they are distinct or equal classes", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " polynomial time", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " NP-complete", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " Presburger", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " algorithms have been written", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " NP-complete knapsack problem", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " less than quadratic time", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": " Presburger arithmetic", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": " 1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " simplification of a computer", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " time and space complexity", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": " 1965", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": " John Myhill", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Hisao Yamada", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " choice of encoding", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Manuel Blum", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": " speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": " 21", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " SoCal", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": " 10", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": " economic center", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " demographics and economic", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": " historical political divisions", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": " Kern and San Luis Obispo", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "Southern California", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": " 11", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": " Nevada", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " Mexican border", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " Tijuana", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Pacific coast", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": " seven", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " 12 million", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " over 17.5 million", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": " 60", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": " over four million", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Mojave Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Mexico\u2013United States border", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": " Mojave Desert", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": " 3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " Los Angeles", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " south", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": " Los Angeles and San Diego", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": " United States", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": " counties", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": " Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": " 15", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Hollywood", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": " Los Angeles", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": " The Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " music", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers. Universal, Warner Brothers, and Sony", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": " motion picture, television, and music", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": " southern California", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": " The Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": " skateboard", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Shaun White", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " Transpac", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": " professional surfers", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "Southern California", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " popular beaches", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " desert", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " open spaces", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": " locals and tourists", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": " resort feel and nearby open spaces", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": " 37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": " 11", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": " ten", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " northern", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " Mexico", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " Monterey", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " the Compromise of 1850", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " free state", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": " Missouri Compromise", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " inequitable taxes", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " three", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": " 75%", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " Milton Latham", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": " 1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": " 1999", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " seven", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": " regional tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": " California State Automobile Association", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " three-region point of view", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " Tehachapis", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": " AAA Auto Clubs", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": " AAA Auto Clubs", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": " regional tourism groups", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " third", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " vast areas", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " suburban", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": " international metropolitan region", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": " Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " the Inland Empire", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Orange", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " 1990s", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": " L.A. and Orange Counties", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": " Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Mediterranean", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " infrequent rain", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": " 90-60's", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": " 70-50's", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": " Mediterranean", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": " ecosystem", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Pacific Ocean", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": " topographic", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": " interior valleys", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": " 10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " small", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": " 6.7", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": " property damage", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " over $20 billion", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": " 1994", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": " Northridge", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": " 10,000", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " 6.7+", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " Puente Hills Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " California Earthquake forecast", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": " San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecf": "", + "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " economically", + "570602fa52bb89140068979f": " global", + "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": " economic", + "5ad0410977cf76001a686efe": "", + "5ad0410977cf76001a686eff": "", + "5ad0410977cf76001a686f00": "", + "570603c475f01819005e7882": " 2010", + "570603c475f01819005e7883": " high growth rates", + "570603c475f01819005e7884": " 10.0%", + "570603c475f01819005e7885": "", + "570603c475f01819005e7886": " Greater Sacramento region", + "5ad0421177cf76001a686f14": "", + "5ad0421177cf76001a686f15": "", + "5ad0421177cf76001a686f16": "", + "5ad0421177cf76001a686f17": "", + "5706074552bb8914006897d4": " Metropolitan Statistical Areas", + "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " two", + "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " five million", + "5706074552bb8914006897d7": " Southern Border Region", + "5706074552bb8914006897d8": " 17,786,419", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f24": "", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f25": "", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f26": "", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": " 1.3 million", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": " twelve", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " 100,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " Riverside", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3e": "Los Angeles (at 3.7 million people) and San Diego (at 1.3 million people)", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3f": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f40": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f41": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f42": "", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": " petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": " Hollywood", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": " housing bubble", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": " diverse", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " heavily impacted", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f58": "Southern California", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f59": "", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5a": " abundance of petroleum", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5b": "", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": " 1920s", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " richest", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " cattle", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " citrus", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " aerospace", + "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f72": "", + "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f73": "", + "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f74": "", + "5ad0458b77cf76001a686f75": "", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": " major business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": " Central business districts", + "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": "", + "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7a": "", + "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7b": "", + "5ad0461477cf76001a686f7c": "", + "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " business", + "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Los Angeles Area", + "57060cc352bb891400689810": " San Fernando Valley", + "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Los Angeles", + "5ad0470477cf76001a686f80": " Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica, Downtown Glendale and Downtown Long Beach", + "5ad0470477cf76001a686f81": " Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile", + "5ad0470477cf76001a686f82": " Century City, Westwood and Warner Center", + "57060df252bb891400689820": "", + "57060df252bb891400689821": " Downtown Riverside", + "57060df252bb891400689822": " Hospitality Business/Financial Centre", + "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f86": " Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town", + "5ad0475c77cf76001a686f87": "", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": "Orange County", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": " University of California, Irvine", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": " Irvine Tech Center", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " South Coast Metro", + "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " rapidly", + "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8a": "Orange County", + "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8b": " South Coast Metro and Newport Center districts", + "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8c": " international corporations", + "5ad0483977cf76001a686f8d": " West Irvine", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": "Downtown San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": " Northern San Diego", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " North County", + "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": "Downtown San Diego", + "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f92": "Downtown San Diego", + "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f93": " business districts", + "5ad04b2377cf76001a686f94": " Carmel Valley, Del Mar Heights, Mission Valley, Rancho Bernardo, Sorrento Mesa, and University City", + "570610b275f01819005e792a": " Los Angeles International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792b": " passenger traffic", + "570610b275f01819005e792c": " third", + "570610b275f01819005e792d": " San Diego International Airport", + "570610b275f01819005e792e": " Van Nuys Airport", + "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f98": " Los Angeles International Airport", + "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f99": "", + "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9a": "", + "5ad04bfc77cf76001a686f9b": " Orange County, Bakersfield, Ontario, Burbank and Long Beach", + "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink", + "5706111a52bb89140068984d": " seven", + "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six", + "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Orange", + "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa0": "", + "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa1": " Metrolink", + "5ad04d3077cf76001a686fa2": " Riverside, Orange, and San Diego counties", + "570611c475f01819005e793c": " Port of Los Angeles", + "570611c475f01819005e793d": " Port of Long Beach", + "570611c475f01819005e793e": "Southern", + "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa6": " Port of Los Angeles", + "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa7": " Port of Los Angeles", + "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa8": "", + "5ad04de377cf76001a686fa9": " Port of Long Beach", + "5706139252bb891400689864": "The Tech Coast", + "5706139252bb891400689865": " research universities", + "5706139252bb891400689866": " private", + "5706139252bb891400689867": " 5", + "5706139252bb891400689868": " 12", + "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fae": "Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego", + "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686faf": " 5", + "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb0": " 12", + "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb1": "", + "5ad04ecf77cf76001a686fb2": "", + "5706143575f01819005e7950": " NFL", + "5706143575f01819005e7951": " NBA", + "5706143575f01819005e7952": " MLB", + "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles Kings", + "5706143575f01819005e7954": "LA Galaxy", + "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb8": "", + "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fb9": "", + "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fba": "", + "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbb": "", + "5ad04f7977cf76001a686fbc": "", + "5706149552bb891400689880": " Chivas USA", + "5706149552bb891400689881": " two", + "5706149552bb891400689882": " 2014", + "5706149552bb891400689883": " StubHub Center", + "5706149552bb891400689884": " 2018", + "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc2": " two", + "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc3": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", + "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc4": "", + "5ad050c877cf76001a686fc5": "", + "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College", + "570614ff52bb89140068988b": " UCLA", + "570614ff52bb89140068988c": " Trojans", + "570614ff52bb89140068988d": " Pac-12 Conference", + "570614ff52bb89140068988e": " Division I", + "5ad0511577cf76001a686fca": "", + "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcb": "", + "5ad0511577cf76001a686fcc": "", + "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", + "5706155352bb891400689895": " high school", + "5706155352bb891400689896": " official school sport", + "5ad051be77cf76001a686fd0": "", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " BSkyB", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": " 2014", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": " British Sky Broadcasting Group plc", + "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " British Sky Broadcasting Limited", + "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae989": "", + "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98a": "", + "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98b": "", + "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98c": "", + "5a2c08aebfd06b001a5ae98d": "", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": " 2006", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " two", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " Sky", + "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": " \u00a31.3bn", + "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99b": "", + "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99c": " two", + "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99d": "", + "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99e": "", + "5a2c0c2fbfd06b001a5ae99f": "", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " ONdigital", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Sky Three", + "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": "", + "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d3": "", + "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d4": "", + "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d5": "", + "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d6": " ITV Digital's free-to-air replacement, Freeview", + "5a2c14b4bfd06b001a5ae9d7": "", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " Sky+ PVR", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " September 2007", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " pay a monthly fee", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " January 2010", + "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " Sky+HD Box", + "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e7": " Sky+", + "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e8": "", + "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9e9": "", + "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9ea": "", + "5a2c16e3bfd06b001a5ae9eb": "", + "57094d489928a8140047150a": " VideoGuard", + "57094d489928a8140047150b": " NDS", + "57094d489928a8140047150c": " Cisco Systems", + "57094d489928a8140047150d": " BSkyB", + "57094d489928a8140047150e": " Sky+", + "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea79": "", + "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7a": "", + "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7b": "", + "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7c": "", + "5a2c3a5cbfd06b001a5aea7d": "", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": " 2007", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": " basic channels", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": " substantially increased the asking price", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": " Video On Demand content", + "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": " HD channels", + "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea93": "", + "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea94": "", + "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea95": "", + "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea96": "", + "5a2c3efbbfd06b001a5aea97": "", + "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " July 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f02": " 2013", + "570960cf200fba1400367f03": " OneDrive", + "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "OneDrive for Business", + "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " cloud storage", + "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa7": "", + "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa8": "", + "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaa9": "", + "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaaa": "", + "5a2c41c8bfd06b001a5aeaab": " 27 January 2014", + "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", + "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Astra", + "570961aa200fba1400367f17": " 27 September 2001", + "570961aa200fba1400367f18": " Sky Digital", + "570961aa200fba1400367f19": " 3.5 million", + "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9af": " Sky Digital", + "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b0": "", + "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b1": "", + "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b2": "", + "5a2c0e0dbfd06b001a5ae9b3": "", + "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " British Sky Broadcasting", + "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " telecommunications", + "570963a5200fba1400367f35": " 11 million", + "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " Freeview", + "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae97f": " British Sky Broadcasting or BSkyB", + "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae980": "", + "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae981": "", + "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae982": "", + "5a2c07d5bfd06b001a5ae983": "", + "57096505ed30961900e84082": "Sky Q Hub", + "57096505ed30961900e84083": " Sky Q Silver set top boxes", + "57096505ed30961900e84084": " share recordings and other media", + "57096505ed30961900e84085": " 2016", + "57096505ed30961900e84086": " 2016", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea33": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea34": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " DVB-compliant MPEG-2", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " Dolby Digital", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " MPEG-4", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " OpenTV", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " DVB-S2", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": " 1998", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra 2A", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": " Astra 2A", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": " hundreds", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": " 22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": " 40,000", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " Thomson", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": " 17,000", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": " 4,222,000", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": " 8 February 2007", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": " March", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " English Premier League Football", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " free-to-view", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " monthly subscription", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " VideoGuard UK", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " Ku band", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a334m", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " The BBC", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " \u00a315\u2013100,000", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " no veto", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " BSkyB does not carry any control", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " BSkyB does not carry any control", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": " 1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": " Sky Digital", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": " Open", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": " ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": " over 100,000", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": " 2007", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": " Video On Demand service", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": " BBC HD", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " Channel 4", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": " 10 million", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": " 25m", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": " August 2004", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": " 36%", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": " flattened", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": " a \"Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials\"", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "often damaging", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": " betray a man's presence in the household", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "often damaging", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " there is no indication", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " BSkyB", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " the carriage of their respective basic channels", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " diversified", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": " second", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " fourth", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " Melbourne", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": " Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": " public", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": " second", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": " Melbourne", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": " eight", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " Bendigo", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " New South Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " Buckland Valley near Bright", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": " over 1,000", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " cramped and unsanitary", + "5a637a8868151a001a922304": " Bendigo", + "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "", + "5a637a8868151a001a922306": " Buckland Valley near Bright", + "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "", + "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " multi-member proportional representation system", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " eight", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " five", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "four years", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " every four years", + "5a637f8768151a001a922318": " 22", + "5a637f8768151a001a922319": " five", + "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "", + "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " Labor", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " The Nationals", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " The Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " Labor", + "5a63866968151a001a922336": " The Nationals", + "5a63866968151a001a922337": " Australian Labor Party", + "5a63866968151a001a922338": " The Greens", + "5a63866968151a001a922339": " The Greens", + "5a63866968151a001a92233a": " The Nationals", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": " 61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": " 26.7%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": " 168,637", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": " 20%", + "5a63888168151a001a922340": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922341": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922343": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922344": " 152,775", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " south-east", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " most densely populated", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " second-most populous state overall", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": " Melbourne", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": " second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": " second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": " 1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": " 1803", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": " Sullivan Bay", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": " 1927", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": " 26,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": " 50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": " 6,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": " 90%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": " 270,000", + "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": " 1975", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " 1855 colonial constitution", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " Parliament of Victoria", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": " \"entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " Victoria Constitution Act 1855", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": " 1855 colonial constitution", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": " certain \"entrenched\" provisions that require either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses", + "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " hot winds", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " 48.8 \u00b0C (119.8 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": " 7 February 2009", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": " 15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": " 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": " 48.8 \u00b0C (119.8 \u00b0F)", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": " 7 February 2009", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " state or government schools", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " extra costs", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " Roman Catholic Church", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " curriculum standards", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": " extra costs", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": " Roman Catholic Church", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " a base for the global car industry", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " 2017", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " May 2013", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": " almost 2,000 m (6,600 ft)", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": " Mount Bogong", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": " 1,986 m (6,516 ft)", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " diverse", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " helmeted honeyeater", + "5a6394b768151a001a922396": " almost 2,000 m (6,600 ft)", + "5a6394b768151a001a922397": " Mount Bogong", + "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "", + "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "", + "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": " pink heath", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " Great Dividing Range", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " east-west", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": " below 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F)", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C", + "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": " the Great Dividing Range", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": " less than 9 \u00b0C (48 \u00b0F)", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": " \u221211.7 \u00b0C (10.9 \u00b0F)", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Metro Trains Melbourne", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " the Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": " freight services", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " electrified", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": " government-owned", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": " Pacific National, CFCL Australia", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": " 37", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": " 12", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": " Legislative Assembly", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": " the Legislative Council", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " Linda Dessau", + "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": " 37", + "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": " 12", + "5a63730568151a001a9222de": " Legislative Assembly", + "5a63730568151a001a9222df": " the Legislative Council", + "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": " 1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": " 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " one of the largest gold rushes", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": " sevenfold", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": " 20 million ounces", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": " 20 million ounces", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": " 1,548", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": " 489", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": " Just under 540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": " 63,519", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " Over 61", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": " 489", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": " 3 million", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": " 60%", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": " two-thirds", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": " Asia", + "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": " 60%", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " mountainous areas", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " five", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": " 1,600 mm", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": " 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " 1788", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " Sydney", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": " New Holland", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": " 1854", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " British troops", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " mining licence fees", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": " 1854", + "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": " British troops", + "5a637c6268151a001a922310": " mining licence fees", + "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "", + "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " political party or coalition with the most seats", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " The Premier", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " representatives elected to either house of parliament", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": " either house of parliament", + "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " 17%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": " 17%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": " 32,463", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": " 136,000 square kilometres", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": " 60%", + "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922368": " A quarter", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": " sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": " Melbourne", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " regional cities", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " SurfClassic", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": " regional cities", + "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " southern and central parts of France", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " one-eighth", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": " 1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " Besan\u00e7on Hugues", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " Amboise", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": " 1560", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": " housemates", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": " Geneva", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": " Calvinist", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": " the Bible in vernacular languages", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": " 1294", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " Jean de R\u00e9ly", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " 1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " Paris", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": " France", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": " France", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": " 1622", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": " Edict of Al\u00e8s", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": " 1598", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": " Protestant rule was dead and the ville de s\u00fbret\u00e9 was no more", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "1629", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " Cape Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Cape Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " Maria de la Queillerie", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " Dutch East India Company", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": " 1700", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": " Jan van Riebeeck", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": " 1624", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": " Jess\u00e9 de Forest", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " Brooklyn", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " Charleston", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " Charleston", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": " 1697", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " Pons", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": " 1685", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " William III of Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": " League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": " Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": " Louis XIV", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": " 500,000", + "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": " 500,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": " St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": " 5,000 to 30,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": " their own militia", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": " political", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": " 5,000 to 30,000", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": " Huguenot rebellions", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": " southwestern France", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": " between 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Louis XIII", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": " Louis XIII", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": " 1621 and 1629", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": " foreign", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": " 2%", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": " Alsace", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": " C\u00e9vennes mountain region", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": " French Australians", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " New Paltz", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": " the oldest street in the United States of America", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " Staten", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": " 21 miles", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": " 21 miles", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " Dutch Republic", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": " 200", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " Huguon", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " night", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": " 1560", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": "", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": " The Weavers", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": " the variety of occupations necessary to sustain the community as distinct from the indigenous population", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": " restaurant", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": " about 1830", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": " Canterbury", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": " Maidstone", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": " Cork City", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " Dublin", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " 1696", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " non-Catholics", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": " Seven Years' War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": " 1759-60", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": " British", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " Henry of Navarre", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": " 1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " the founding of new Protestant churches", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": " Protestantism", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " education", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " prohibited emigration", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": " Four thousand", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": " New York and Virginia", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": " 1555", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " Fort Coligny", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": " 1560", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " wine", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " Western Cape province", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " surnames", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": " Huguenots", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": " Huguenots", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": " Huguenots", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": " Huguenots", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": " Henry Laurens", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " Charleston", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " Manakin Episcopal Church", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": " Texas", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": " British lace", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": " first half of the eighteenth century", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "Some", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " one-fifth", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": " 1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " C\u00e9vennes region", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " the Catholic Church", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": " 1702 and 1709", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": " 200,000 to 1,000,000", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " Jean Ribault", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " French", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": " St. Johns River", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " Fort Caroline", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": " 1562", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " The Wars of Religion", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": " 1564", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Virginia", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Manakin Town", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": " 390", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": " 12 May 1705", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": " 148", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": " Spain", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "Apologie\" of William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": " Pierre L'Oyseleur", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": " Huguenot", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": " Gaspard de Coligny", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " the Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": " 1708", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": " 50,000", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " transubstantiation", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": " 50,000", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": " Andr\u00e9 Lortie", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": " 50,000", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " Williamite war", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " flax", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " Irish linen", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": " Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": " Killeshandra in County Cavan", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": " land grants and titles", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " glass-making", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": " 1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": " 1604", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": " 1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": " Protestant", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " Quebec", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " they were accepted and allowed to worship freely", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": " England", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": " Protestant", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": " Hugues Capet", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": " little Hugos", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " little Hugos", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": " Protestants", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " University of Paris", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": " 1530", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " Jean Cauvin", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": " French", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": " Paris", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": " 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " Catholics", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": " Nearly 3,000", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": " 1573", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": " 25,000", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": " Paris", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": " between about 2,000 and 3,000", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": " Nearly 3,000", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " acted increasingly aggressively", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " sent missionaries", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " closed Huguenot schools", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " dragonnades", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " Davenports Neck", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": " John Pell", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": " La Rochelle", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": " Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": " the Huguenots", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": " six thousand one hundred acres", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": " John Pell", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "Eglise du St. Esperit\"", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " E.I. du Pont", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " nineteenth century", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Eleutherian gunpowder mills", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": " affiliated with other Protestant denominations with more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": " Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": " Saint Nicolas", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": " Dutch given names", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": " Sint Nicolaas", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": " multi-volume", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": " 1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " Soho Square", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": " Shoreditch", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": " 1724", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": " 1724", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": " about a third", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " Lutheran and Reformed", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " two new regiments of his army", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": " 4,000", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": " 1,500", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": " Theodor Fontane", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": " Adolf Galland", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": " Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": " Federal Minister of the Interior", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": " General Hermann von Fran\u00e7ois", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": " Huguenot", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": " solar power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " steam", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " high pressure", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external combustion engines", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": " solar power", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " the atmospheric engine", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " Thomas Newcomen", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": " 1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " Papin", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": " United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": " 21 February 1804", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " Abercynon in south Wales", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " south", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": " United Kingdom", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": " 21 February 1804", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": " Abercynon in south Wales", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": " north-east England", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": " south Wales", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " water pump", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": " multi-stage centrifugal pumps", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": " 1850s", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " steam locomotives", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " lower-pressure boiler feed water", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": " steam locomotives", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " three or four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": " 19th", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " marine triple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " Olympic class", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " Corliss", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Joy", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": " Corliss", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": " Joy", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " the lead melts", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " manually suppress the fire", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": " dampening the fire", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": " the lead melts", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": " manually suppress the fire", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": " dampening the fire", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " James Watt", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " rotary", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": " ten", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": " 1883", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": " the Industrial Revolution", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": " first century AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " Greek", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " Giovanni Branca", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": " 1606", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": " Denis Papin", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " compound engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " expansions", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " shipping", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " coal", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " internal combustion engines", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": " expansions", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": " shipping", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": " coal", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": " internal combustion engines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": " steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " late", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " several hundred", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": " 90%", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " electric", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": " steam turbines", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": " several hundred", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " solar energy", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " electric", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": " waste heat", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": " combustion chamber", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": " electric", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": " solar energy", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": " electric", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": " 1851", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " London Exhibition", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": " 1851", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": " Charles Richard", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": " Charles Richard", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": " London Exhibition", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": " 90\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " 180\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": " 90\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": " 90\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": " 180\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": " 90\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": " the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank, again set at 90\u00b0 as for a two-cylinder engine", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " one", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " four", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " expansion", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "counterflow", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": " one", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": " four", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": " expansion", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": " Quasiturbine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": " counterflow", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " an additional port uncovered by the piston", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": " piston", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": " oscillating cylinder", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " models", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " ships", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": " oscillating cylinder", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": " ships", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " recycled continuously", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " Mercury", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "open loop", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": " Mercury", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " the working fluid", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": " 565", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": " stainless steel", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": " 30 \u00b0C", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": " 63%", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": " the working fluid", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": " 565", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": " 63%", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " steamboats", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " Stanley Steamer", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " factories", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " an increase in the land available for cultivation", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": " steamboats", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": " factories", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": " an increase in the land available for cultivation", + "571153422419e3140095557d": " Catch Me Who Can", + "571153422419e3140095557e": " Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557f": " twin-cylinder", + "571153422419e31400955580": " Middleton Railway", + "571153422419e31400955581": " Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": " the Locomotion", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": " Matthew Murray", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": " Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " Arthur Woolf", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " British", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " torque variability", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " cylinder volume", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": " cylinder volume", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "", + "571154c72419e31400955587": " 90%", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "", + "571154c72419e31400955589": " gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": " steam turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": " reduction gearing", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": " removed in a condenser", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": " 1990s", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": " biomass", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": " Scottish", + "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": " removed in a condenser", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": " 1990s", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": " biomass", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": " Scottish", + "571156152419e3140095559b": " its \"duty\"", + "571156152419e3140095559c": " Watt", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", + "571156152419e3140095559e": " 7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559f": " 17", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": " its \"duty\"", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": " Watt", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "94", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": " the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": " steam turbines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": " turbine type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " internal combustion engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": " steam turbines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": " turbine type steam engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": " internal combustion engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " a water pump", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": " 1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " John Smeaton", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": " Thomas Savery", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": " Bento de Moura Portugal", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": " John Smeaton", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Oliver Evans", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": " 1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " transport", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " power", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": " Richard Trevithick", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": " transport", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": " Energiprojekt AB", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": " 5", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": " 27-30%", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "8.8", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " locations where water is costly", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": " 3600", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": " surface condensers", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " variable steam cut off", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": " Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " cotton spinning", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " hold a set speed", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": " variable steam cut off", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": " at a flour mill Boulton & Watt were building", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": " hold a set speed", + "57115e532419e314009555af": " 1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": " railway locomotives", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": " complicated", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": " 1930", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": " road engines", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": " 1880", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": " railway locomotives", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": " almost universal for marine engines", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": " 1930", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": " road engines", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": " cutoff", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " evacuate the cylinder", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " fixed", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": " evacuate the cylinder", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": " Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": " Spanish", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": " 1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": " 1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": " 1712", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": " 1712", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " a drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " 3600 revolutions per minute", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": " a drive shaft", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": " a drive shaft", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": " 3600 revolutions per minute", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": " lower", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " electric motors", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": " steam turbine", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " pollution", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": " lower", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": " electric motors", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "", + "571161092419e314009555d7": " Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": " cylinders and valve gear", + "571161092419e314009555d9": " thermal expansion", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": " Wankel engine", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": " cylinders and valve gear", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": " thermal expansion", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": " a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": " half", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": " Newcomen", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": " partial vacuum", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "1775", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " two", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": " adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " a seal", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " more power", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": " two", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": " a seal", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": " more power", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": " Corliss steam engine", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": " 1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": " four", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": " Rumford medal", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": " 30%", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": " Rumford medal", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": " 30%", + "571163172419e314009555e7": " thermodynamic", + "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt", + "571163172419e314009555e9": " the separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555ea": " Joseph Black", + "571163172419e314009555eb": " latent heat", + "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": " thermodynamic theory", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": " latent heat", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " relatively little work is required to drive the pump", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": " 1% to 3%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " 1500 \u00b0C", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": " 1500 \u00b0C", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " an injector", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " superheaters", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " a chain or screw stoking mechanism", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " feed water", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " British", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " dreadnought battleships", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": " 1905", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": " feed water", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": " dreadnought battleships", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": " dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", + "571166352419e314009555f1": " water", + "571166352419e314009555f2": " a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": " an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": " turbo-electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f5": " Britain", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": " water", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " a practical Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "in the condenser", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " isothermal", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " liquid", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "in the condenser", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": " liquid", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " 8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": " Diatomic oxygen", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " two", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": " half", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " 8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " chalcogen", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " oxides", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " third-most abundant", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " dioxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "Oxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": " photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " high-altitude ozone layer", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": " oxygen", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " water", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": " sunlight", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": " ozone", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": " Oxygen", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": " Robert Boyle", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": " John Mayow", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": " nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": " Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": " spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": " respiration", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": " John Mayow", + "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "", + "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": " Joseph Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": " clergyman", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": " mercuric oxide", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": " mercuric oxide", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": " 1775", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " he published his findings", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": " more active and lived longer", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "dephlogisticated air", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " Leonardo da Vinci", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": " 2nd century BCE", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " Pneumatica", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " Leonardo da Vinci", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " air", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": " inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": " an ignition event", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": " chemical energy", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": " high oxidative potential", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": " rapid combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": " ignition event", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": " oxidant", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": " chemical energy", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": " peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": " rapid combustion", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": " Combustion", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " 1\u20443", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " combustion", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " special training", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": " launch pad test", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": " proceed rapidly and energetically", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " The Earth's mantle", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": " carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": " silicates", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": " carbon dioxide", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "silica", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "aluminium oxide", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": " iron (iron(III) oxide", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " monatomic", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " simplest", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Avogadro's law", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": " water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": " buoyancy", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": " metals", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " lighter", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " double", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " Aufbau", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " chemically", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": " as a covalent double bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": " the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": " O-O molecular axis", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": " 1773", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": " 1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " his work was published", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " Antoine Lavoisier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " spin triplet state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " triplet oxygen", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " unpaired electrons", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " spontaneous", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " antibonding", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": " triplet oxygen", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " trapped air", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " weight", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": " 1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " azote", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": " Azote", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": " 1777", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": " ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " lung tissue", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " protective radiation shield", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": " a rhombohedral O\n8 cluster", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": " energy content", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": " cellular respiration", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": " energy content", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " James Dewar", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": " 1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": " 1895", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " oxyacetylene", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " temperature", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": " 6.04 milliliters", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": " twice as much", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": " dissolved O\n2 for every 2 molecules of N\n2", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": " temperature", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " most abundant", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " third", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": " 0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " world's oceans", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": " hydrogen and helium", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": " Oxygen gas", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " 19th", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " compressing and cooling it", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " Louis Paul Cailletet", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " a few drops", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " March 29, 1883", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": " Jagiellonian University", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " the Sun", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " oxygen-16", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " Genesis", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " unknown", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " Earth", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " common organic molecules", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " photolysis of ozone by light of short wavelength", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": " Carotenoids", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": " Carotenoids", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": " climate was like millions of years ago", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": " 12%", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": " oxygen-18", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": " warmer climate", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": " 687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": " plant health status", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " satellite platform", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": " global", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " paramagnetic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " liquid oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " unpaired electrons", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " a magnet", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": " paramagnetic", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": " spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O\n2 molecules", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": " to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " pathogen attack", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": " obligately anaerobic", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": " superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2)", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": " 90.20 K", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " liquefied air", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " combustible", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " water bodies", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " lower", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " higher oxygen content", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": " biochemical oxygen demand", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " algae", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": " decay of these organisms", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " Paleoproterozoic", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " banded iron", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": " 1.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": " 3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " biogeochemical", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": " three", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " oxygen", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": " the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": " photosynthesis", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": " nitrogen", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": " 90% to 93% O\n2", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": " After a set cycle time the operation of the two beds is interchanged, thereby allowing for a continuous supply of gaseous oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " DC", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " oxides and oxoacids", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " chemical oxygen generators or oxygen candles", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "Oxygen gas", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": " oxides and oxoacids", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " recreational", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " mild euphoric", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " performance", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " aerobic", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " placebo effect", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "Oxygen", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": " placebo effect", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric (high-pressure) medicine uses special oxygen chambers", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " anaerobic bacteria", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " Decompression sickness", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " oxygen supplementation", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " heart", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": " Oxygen therapy", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " electronegativity", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " FeO", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " further corrosion", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": " electronegativity", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": " 0.05", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": " cabin depressurization", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "pressurized", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": " exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " oxygen", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": " Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": " an emergency supply of O\n2", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": " exothermic", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage methods", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": " specially insulated tankers", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " compressed gas", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " hospitals", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": " high pressure oxygen tanks", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " organic solvents", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " feeder materials", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " as feeder materials", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": " acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, furan, THF, diethyl ether, dioxane, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": " glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " biomolecules", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": " Only a few", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": " carbohydrates", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": " proteins", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " bones", + "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "", + "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": " no oxygen", + "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "", + "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": " oxygen", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": " pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " 160 kPa", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " seizures", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": " Acute oxygen toxicity", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": " 30 kPa", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times normal", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": " marginally more than normal sea-level O\n2 partial pressure", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": " no", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": " low total pressures used", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": " 30 kPa", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": " elevated partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " 50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": " mechanical ventilators", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": " 30%\u201350%", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": " elevated partial pressures", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": " October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": " US$3 per barrel", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " 1979", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": " the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "second oil shock", + "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": " October", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": " the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "The 1973 oil crisis", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": " the 1979 oil crisis", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": " oil embargo", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " to avoid being targeted by the boycott", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " multilateral negotiations", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " January 18, 1974", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": " March 1974", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": " linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": " disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": " NATO", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": " Japan", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": " Arab oil producers", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": " multilateral", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": " Israel", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " increased their reserves", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": " floating the pound sterling", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": " the Bretton Woods Accord", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": " the Gold Exchange Standard", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "float", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": " September 1971", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": " 1973\u20131974", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " the oil shock", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": " OPEC", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": " 1947 to 1967", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": " substantial price increases", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": " oil shock", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": " ten", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": " launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": " more", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": " petrochemicals", + "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": " launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": " Yom Kippur", + "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": " second-largest", + "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": " close US ally", + "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": " ten times more", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " response to American aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " October 16, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " American aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $2.2 billion", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": " raised the posted price of oil by 70%", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": " 70%", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": " $5.11 a barrel", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": " Libya", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": " October 20, 1973", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": " over 100 billion dollars", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Middle East", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " higher oil prices", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " Wahhabism", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " price disruptions", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " 1973", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " Kissinger's dominance", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " automobiles", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " Macroeconomic", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " the Arctic", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": " five to ten years", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " the Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " America", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": " UK", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": " Israelis", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": " Ted Heath", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": " airfields", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": " winter of 1973\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " Norway", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " Sweden", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": " flying, driving and boating", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": " The Netherlands imposed prison sentences", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " to encourage investment", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " creating greater scarcity", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": " rationing", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " William E. Simon", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": " 1973", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " to coordinate the response to the embargo", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": " 20%", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " 55 mph", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": " November 28, 1995", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": " 1977", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": " Bill Clinton", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": " 55 mph", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " energy crisis", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": " market and technology realities", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": " congresses and presidents", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": " promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", + "57265200708984140094c237": " the U.S.", + "57265200708984140094c238": " British Prime Minister Edward Heath", + "57265200708984140094c239": " 10 years", + "57265200708984140094c23a": " the Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " Japan", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": " 71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\" country", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": " November 22", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": " December 25", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "", + "57265526708984140094c2be": " Saudi Arabia and Iran", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": " Saudi", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": " January 1979", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": " November 1979", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": " large", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": " Japanese", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": " Japanese", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": " Japanese", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", + "572659535951b619008f703f": " 1981", + "572659535951b619008f7040": " Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida", + "572659535951b619008f7041": " power windows and central locking", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus and Infiniti", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": " small size of the first Japanese compacts", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": " Hilux", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": " GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": " captive import policy", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": " Hilux and the Datsun Truck", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " at least four", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": " 1985", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": " 13.5", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": " 1979", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": " 1981", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": " the 1974 Mustang I", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": " 1981", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": " Dodge Diplomat/Plymouth Gran Fury and Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue sedans", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": " 1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": " 1980s", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " recover market share", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": " $40 per barrel", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": " 1981", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": " shrinking or eliminating profits", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " a body of treaties and legislation", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " Treaties establishing the European Union", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " regulations and directives which are based on the Treaties", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " a body of treaties and legislation", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " direct effect or indirect effect", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " Treaties establishing the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " three", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " The European Court of Justice", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " courts of member states", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " The European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": " Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " European Commission", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " European Court of Justice", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "European Council", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " The TEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " the Faroe Islands", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": " can interpret the Treaties", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " if the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": " as soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": " the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": " as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " The Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": " 1985", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " Norway did not", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " Greenland", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": " 1986", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": " 1972", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": " 1985", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " very similar", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " an amending treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " significantly altered", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " make it more transparent", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " the referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " Lisbon Treaty", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": " 2004", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": " Lisbon Treaty", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " the Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " The Commission's President", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": " one", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": " Federica Mogherini", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": " Article 17(3)", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": " The Commission's President", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": " Decisions are taken by a simple majority vote", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": " Ireland", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " did in fact not break any law", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": " European Council", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " do not have voting rights", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": " 1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " Commission v Edith Cresson", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " Committee of Independent Experts", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": " 2012", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " different ministers of the member states", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " inversely to member state size", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " 352", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " 260", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " each six months", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " 352", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " a majority of all MEPs", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " harder", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " the Court of Justice", + "572695285951b619008f774b": " TFEU article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": " a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission", + "572695285951b619008f774d": " TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572695285951b619008f774e": "Conciliation Committee", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", + "572658435951b619008f7025": " judicial branch", + "572658435951b619008f7026": " the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "572658435951b619008f7027": " one judge from each member state, 28", + "572658435951b619008f7028": " member state courts", + "572658435951b619008f7029": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " three years", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " EU law", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " the nationalisation law was from 1962, and the treaty was in force from 1958", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " 1964 and 1968", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": " European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": " 1964", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": " Court of Justice", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": " EU law", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": " foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": " 1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": " if the EU does not comply with its basic constitutional rights and principles", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": " the ultimate authority of member states", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " administrative law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": " 1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " All", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " constitutional law", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " postal", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " Treaty provisions", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " Directives", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " 4", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " more than 28 days", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": " early 1990s", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": " the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " a citizen or company can invoke a Directive, not just in a dispute with a public authority, but in a dispute with another citizen or company", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": " 10 years", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " British Gas plc", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": " 60", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": " it can be invoked between private non-state parties before its deadline for implementation", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": " national courts", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages if their employers had gone insolvent", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": " 6 million Lira", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": " fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " since the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": " Article 5", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " the least onerous", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " since the 1960s", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": " a proper legal basis", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": " principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " constitutional traditions common to the member states", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " fundamental rights", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": " 1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " European Court of Human Rights", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": " 1999", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "None of the original treaties establishing the European Union mention protection for fundamental rights", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": " 1950", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": " 2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " European Union law", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " European Court of Justice", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": " 1989", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": " 30", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": " 40", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": " 11", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " UK", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": " The UK", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " the election of the UK Labour Party to government", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "Following the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": " 1996", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " workforce consultation in businesses", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": " 1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " article 66", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": " 1957", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101(1)", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " the abuse of dominant position", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " Articles 106 and 107", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " Article 102", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": " 2007", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " since the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": " free trade", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " the Court of Justice", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": " customs union", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": " parallel importers", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " private actors", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " Commission v France", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": " protest", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": " 25", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " France", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": " 2003", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " cocoa butter", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " Keck and Mithouard", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " prevent cut throat competition", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": " total ban for advertising alcohol", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " people to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " the European Community", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": " stay", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": " nationalist political parties have manipulated fears about immigrants taking away people's jobs and benefits", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": " articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": " Jean-Marc Bosman", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " Gaelic", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": " between 3 and 14 hours a week", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": " the number of social services that people can access wherever they move", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": " higher education", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", + "5726c002708984140094d073": " Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5726c002708984140094d074": " non-discriminatory, \"justified by imperative requirements in the general interest\" and proportionately applied", + "5726c002708984140094d075": " Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d076": " 49", + "5726c002708984140094d077": " Commission v Italy", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": " 2006", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " 2005", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": " October 2007", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": " people who give services \"for remuneration\"", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": " Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": " narcotic drugs", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": " treatment", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " Daily Mail", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " \u00a31", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " 200,000 Danish krone", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " creditor protection", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " \u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": " Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": " 5,500,000", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": " nine", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": " four", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": " over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": " Amazoneregenwoud", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "The Amazon", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": " Brazil", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": " over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": " 16,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": " moist broadleaf", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": " 7,000,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": " nine", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": " Brazil", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": " 390 billion", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " wetter", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " Climate fluctuations", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " Oligocene", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": " last glacial maximum", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": " the rainforest still managed to thrive", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": " 45\u00b0", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " Oligocene", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " expanded", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " Middle Miocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " last glacial maximum", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": " 34 million years", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": " mid-Eocene", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": " toward the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": " 5\u201310 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " mid-Eocene", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": " the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": " the Pacific", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " mid-Eocene", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " middle", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " the Pacific", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": " Pacific", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " reasonably well supported by the available data", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": " 21,000 years", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " sediment deposits", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": " 21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " sediment", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " moist tropical", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " CALIPSO", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": " 182 million tons", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": " 1,600", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " Amazon basin", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": " 132 million", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": " 182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": " 27.7 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": " 132 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": " 43 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": " 182 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": " 1,600", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": " 27.7 million", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": " agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " anthropological", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": " 5 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": " poor soil", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": " Betty Meggers", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": " 0.2", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": " Betty Meggers", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": " 0.2", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": " 5 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " less than 200,000", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": " 1540s", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " the spread of diseases from Europe", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": " between AD 0\u20131250", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": " AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": " Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": " 1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": " AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Ondemar Dias", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": " 11,000", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": " large areas", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": " Xingu", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " agriculture and silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": " Xingu", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": " Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": " roads, bridges and large plazas", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": " 2.5 million", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": " One in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": " 40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": " one in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": " between 96,660 and 128,843", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": " 2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": " 2,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": " 40,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": " 378", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": " One in five", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": " 378", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": " 16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": " 90,790", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": " 438,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": " highest", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": " 1,100", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": " 90,790", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": " 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": " 438,000", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " electric eels", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " black caiman", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " piranha", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " lipophilic alkaloid toxins", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " Vampire bats", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": " 1960s", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": " slash and burn", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": " loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": " Deforestation", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": " 415,000", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": " 587,000", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " livestock pasture", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " second-largest", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": " 91%", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " soy", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": " increased settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": " 8,646", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": " 18%", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": " declined", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": " between 2004 and 2014", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": " biodiversity", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": " destruction of the forest", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": " carbon", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": " 10%", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": " 1.1 \u00d7 1011", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " greenhouse gas", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": " 2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": " 21st century", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " climate change in addition to deforestation", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": " climate change", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " indigenous", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " community-based", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " deforestation and ecocide", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " the Urarina", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " non-human primates", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": " remote sensing", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": " Trio Tribe", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": " southern Suriname", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": " to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": " members of the Trio Tribe", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " tree growth", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " carbon related emissions", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " Tatiana Kuplich", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": " 2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " Synthetic aperture radar", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": " Synthetic aperture radar", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": " Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM)", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": " 2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": " Woods Hole Research Center", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " deforestation on regional climate", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": " savanna or desert", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": " Woods Hole Research Center", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": " 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": " 1,160,000 square miles", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": " three", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": " 2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": " 1.5 gigatons", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": " water flow through the body cavity", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "combs", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " comb jellies", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": " water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " marine waters worldwide", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "combs", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": " swimming", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": " separate phyla", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": " 100\u2013150", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": " tentilla", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ten times their own weight", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": " tentacles", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": " cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " ten times their own weight", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " tentilla", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " colloblasts", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", + "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": " 25", + "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " sequential hermaphrodites", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " platyctenids", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " the eggs and sperm mature at different times", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " platyctenids", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " beroids", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": " reproduction", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": " explosive rate", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " other ctenophores", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": " Mnemiopsis", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": " fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": " Mnemiopsis", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " Beroe", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": " 66 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": " monophyletic", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": " 515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": " 515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": " monophyletic", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": " early Cambrian", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": " cnidarians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": " colloblasts", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " bilaterians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " ctenophores and cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " bilaterians", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": " colloblasts", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": " mesoglea", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": " diploblastic", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": " ctenophores", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": " sponges", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": " diploblastic", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": " three", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " cilia", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": " main method of locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": " 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": " locomotion", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": " comb rows", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": " non-colonial animals", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " oceanic species", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " Pleurobrachia", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " an epithelium", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": " bioluminescence", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": " pharynx", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": " a system of internal canals", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " the mouth and pharynx", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": " each comb row", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "ctenes\" or \"comb plates\"", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": " supporting function", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": " the direction in which the mouth is pointing", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": " 2 millimeters (0.079 in)", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": " the direction in which the mouth is pointing", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": " escape", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": " mesoglea", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " increase its bulk and decrease its density", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": " to avoid sinking", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " the aboral organ", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": " a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": " statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " a balance sensor", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": " a pair of long, slender tentacles", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " rounded", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": " a sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": " at the narrow end", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": " narrow end", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": " flattened", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": " tentilla", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": " specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": " they contain striated muscle", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": " three", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": " capturing prey", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": " adhesive", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " eight", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": " a ciliary groove", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " lobes", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": " gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": " four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " suspended planktonic prey", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": " muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " clapping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " nerves", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": " passive", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "zip\" the mouth shut when the animal is not feeding", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": " streamlines the front of the animal", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "macrocilia", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": " saclike body", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "bite\" off pieces of prey that are too large to swallow whole", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Cestida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": " Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Velamen parallelum", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": " in the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " muscular \"foot\"", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " comb-rows", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "", + "572683075951b619008f7513": " via pores in the epidermis", + "572683075951b619008f7514": " internal fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7515": " Mnemiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": " in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows", + "572683075951b619008f7517": " external", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": " males and females", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": " hermaphrodites", + "572684365951b619008f753f": " tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "572684365951b619008f7540": " among the plankton", + "572684365951b619008f7541": " after dropping to the sea-floor", + "572684365951b619008f7542": " true larvae", + "572684365951b619008f7543": " Beroe", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": " lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": " plankton", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": " Juveniles", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", + "5726887e708984140094c917": " there are no vegetarians", + "5726887e708984140094c918": " jellyfish", + "5726887e708984140094c919": " incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": "", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": " Lampea", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": " jellyfish", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": " chum salmon", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": " other ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " Red Sea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": " ctenophores", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " via the ballast tanks of ships", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " late 1980s", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata, and by a cooling of the local climate", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " significantly slowed the animal's metabolism", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": " their soft, gelatinous bodies", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " comb jelly", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": " mid-Cambrian", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " Three", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": " tentacles", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": " 515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": " Stromatoveris", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": " Vendobionta", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": " Ediacaran", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "", + "57269016708984140094ca41": " Bilateria", + "57269016708984140094ca42": " Porifera", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": " sister", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": " lost in major animal lineages", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " beroids", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " monophyletic", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": " 65.5 million years ago", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " Richard Harbison", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": " 220 miles (350 km)", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": " an ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": " FREZ-noh", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": " 1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": " 1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": " 47", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " Central Pacific Railroad", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": " 1872", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": " 1931", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": " 2.7%", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Pinedale Assembly Center", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": " an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": " an assembly center", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": " North Fresno", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " revolve a balance", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": " 1976", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " Visa Inc", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": " Visa Inc", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": " revolve a balance", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": " 1958", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " Bill Aken", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Bob Gallion", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": " Mexican", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " three", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " Kearney Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " Kearney Park", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": " southwest", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " the original Fresno County Courthouse", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Hughes Hotel", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": " 1880s and World War II", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": " San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": " San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": " 1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " the Fulton Mall", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " Pierre-Auguste Renoir", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": " near their current locations", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " wide sidewalks", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": " east", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " on Fresno's far southeast side", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": " 1950s through the 1970s", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Fresno", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " William P. Bell", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": " 1950s", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": " Chestnut Avenue", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": " Sunnyside", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": " 1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " water tower", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": " Fresno Normal School", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " one-half mile", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": " Fresno Normal School", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " late 1970s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " second and third run movies", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": " 1978", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Fresno", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " Evita and The Wiz", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": " 1978", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": " Audra McDonald", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": " live", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": " within a few hundred feet", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": " Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " Tower District", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " early twentieth century homes", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " contrasts", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": " recent decades", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": " Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": " east", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " Huntington Boulevard", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " William Stranahan", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": " 1914", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": " 267", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": " Fresno Traction Company", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": " southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": " African-American", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": " Hmong or Laotian", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": " 41 freeway", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": " tall palm", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": " Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": " Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": " between the 1960s and 1990s", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " Fresno and B streets", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " on the West Side", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " very little", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": " late 1990s", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": " 300", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " up to 2,500", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " 22", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": " April through October", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": " April through October", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": " 1946", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " automobiles", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " there are now numerous", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": " hot and dry", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " July", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": " northwest", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": " December, January and February", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": " three or four", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": " 83.0 \u00b0F (28.3 \u00b0C)", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": " 115 \u00b0F (46.1 \u00b0C), set on July 8, 1905", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " January 6, 1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": " 1885", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": " 2.2 inches", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " 3.55 inches", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": " 17 \u00b0F (\u22128 \u00b0C)", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": " 494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "49.6%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": " 8,525", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": " 30.0%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": " 4,404.5", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": " 494,665", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": " 1.2%", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": " 72.6%", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": " 68,511 (43.3%", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "19.3%", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": " 1,388", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": " 3.62", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": " 3.07", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": " 3.62", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": " 12,843", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": " 1,388", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": " 68,511", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": " 427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": " 149,025", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": " 8.4%", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": " a third", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": " 4,097.9 people per square mile", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": " Hmong", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": " 97,915", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": " 39.9%", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": " a third", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": " a third", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " KMJ-TV", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " KGPE", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": " KSEE", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " State Route 99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Sierra Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " State Route 41", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " west", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": " the main north/south freeway", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": " Clovis and Huntington Lake", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": " 1950s", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " 99. Due to rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": " Amtrak San Joaquins", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": " Downtown Fresno", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": " Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": " San Joaquin Valley Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": " Fresno", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": " Amtrak San Joaquins", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": " Southern Pacific", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " This concept contrasted and contradicted the theretofore established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " coining the modern name packet switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " Donald Davies", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": " Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": " provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": " US Department of Defense", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": " telecommunications", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": " a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": " Donald Davies", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": " Donald Davies", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": " funded by the US Department of Defense", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": " Donald Davies", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": " development of telecommunications in the Bell System", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " circuit switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " fee per unit of information transmitted", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": " a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": " fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": " fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": " a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": " fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": " packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": " according to a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": " by intermediate network nodes asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": " according to a multiple access scheme", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": " intermediate network nodes", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": " shared physical", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "packet switches or routers", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": " according to some scheduling discipline", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": " Packets are normally forwarded by intermediate network nodes asynchronously", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": " some scheduling discipline", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": " shared physical medium", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": " distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": " by store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " Report P-2626 described a general architecture for a large-scale, distributed, survivable communications network", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " delivery of these messages by store and forward switching", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": " distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": " three", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "Baran", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": " survivable communications networks", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": " survivable communications networks", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": " by store and forward switching", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": " distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " the same message routing methodology", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " packet switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " a nationwide network in the UK", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": " suggested it for use in the ARPANET", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": " Donald Davies", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": " packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": " suggested it for use in the ARPANET", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": " independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": " ARPANET", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": " a person from the Ministry of Defence", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": " complete addressing information", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": " The packets are routed individually", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": " Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": " packets are routed individually", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": " The packets are routed individually, sometimes resulting in different paths", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": " At the destination", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": " virtual circuit or byte stream", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": " may go via different routes", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": " based on the packet sequence number", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information and are negotiated between endpoints", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " Routing a packet requires the node to look up the connection id in a table", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": " The packet header can be small", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": " Acceptable values for service parameters", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " X.25 requires a handshake between the communicating parties before any user packets are transmitted", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "Both X.25 and Frame Relay provide connection-oriented operations", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " Internet Protocol (IP)", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " A typical configuration is to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": " connection-oriented operations", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": " data link layer", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": " X.25", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": " UNI", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": " communicating parties", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": " only between nodes on a link, not end-to-end", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": " 1980s and early 1990s", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": " X.25 does it at the network layer of the OSI Model", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": " In the virtual call system, the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " this network type", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": " about twenty", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": " division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": " sequenced delivery of data to the host", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": " It was a plug-n-play system", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " AppleTalk included features that allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " a plug-n-play system", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": " networking protocols", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": " automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": " It was the primary protocol used by Apple devices", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": " It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": " It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": " ARPANET architecture", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "The CYCLADES packet switching network", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": " using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " seven", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " open standards with published specifications", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": " network protocols", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": " network architectures", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": " network protocols", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": " a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": " (Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " They lost money from the beginning", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "could be profitable", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": " computer time-sharing", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": " computer time-sharing service", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": " a time-sharing system", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": " Dartmouth", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " 1966", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": " State of Michigan and the National Science Foundation", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": " University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": " Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": " TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": " three", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": " to help the state's educational and economic development", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": " Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " as a means of making ARPANET technology public", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " GTE", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": " Larry Roberts", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": " making ARPANET technology public. He had tried to interest AT&T in buying the technology", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": " Bolt, Beranack and Newman", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " an international data communications network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " host computers (servers)at thousands of large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " build their own dedicated networks", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": " virtual call packet switched technology", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": " to reach locations not on the private network", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": " Another employee", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": " Users", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": " two kinds of X.25 networks", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": " Bell Northern Research", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": " interconnection of national X.25 networks", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": " several DATAPAC clones", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": " X.25 external interface", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " Australia's first public packet-switched data network", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": " AUSTPAC", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "AUSTPAC", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": " Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": " academic institutions", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": " financial applications", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": " academic institutions", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " the public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " the network and the connected users via leased lines", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " Although this use of the name was incorrect", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": " all these services were managed by the same people within one department", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": " public PAD service Telepad", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": " all these services were managed by the same people within one department", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "The Computer Science Network (CSNET) was a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)", + "5726462b708984140094c118": " to extend networking benefits", + "5726462b708984140094c119": "The Computer Science Network", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "The Computer Science Network", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "The Computer Science Network", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": " computer science departments at academic and research institutions", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": " ARPANET", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": " funding or authorization limitations", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": " Abilene", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " In 2006, Internet2 announced a partnership with Level 3 Communications", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": " Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": " Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": " Abilene", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": " National LambdaRail (NLR)", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " advanced research and education networking in the United States", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " Initially created to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": " National Science Foundation Network", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": " link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": " a major part of the Internet backbone", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "The National Science Foundation Network", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": " advanced research and education networking", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "The Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": " went on to upgrade the entire backbone to OC-48c.", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": " MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c160": "", + "572648d1708984140094c161": " one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "", + "57264684708984140094c123": " Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c124": " Spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, the Black Death is estimated to have killed 30\u201360% of Europe's total population", + "57264684708984140094c125": " 30\u201360%", + "57264684708984140094c126": " 17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": " 19th century", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": " Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": " populations of fleas carried by ground rodents", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": " 1338\u201339", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " China", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " 1331", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": " 25 million", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " Genoese traders", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " Mongol", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " infected corpses", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " Sicily and the south of Europe", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " war, famine, and weather", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": " Jani Beg", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " northwest", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " Russia", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " Germany and Scandinavia", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": " 1349", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": " June 1348", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": " 1349", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": " autumn 1347", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": " through the port's trade with Constantinople, and ports on the Black Sea", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": " the north", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": " the north", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": " 1348\u201349", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": "", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": " atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": " 1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": " Scandinavia", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": " 1823", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " the king of France", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " Miasma theory", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": " bad air", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " Yersinia pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " Hong Kong in 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": " Alexandre Yersin", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": " The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": " two populations of rodents", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": " Alexandre Yersin", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": " Francis Aidan Gasquet", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": " some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": " 1908", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": " rats and fleas", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": " bubonic", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": " 30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": " 80", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": " 90 to 95 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": " purple", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": " 100%", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": " within eight days", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": " October 2010", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " the Black Death", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " tooth sockets in human skeletons", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": " 2010", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": " Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " the plague may have entered Europe in two waves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " spring of 1349", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": " spring", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " have since been confirmed and amended", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " East Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": " may no longer exist", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " October 2011", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": " J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": " the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": " that contemporary accounts were exaggerations", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": " the first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": " Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "", + "5726516a708984140094c223": " an epidemiological account of the plague", + "5726516a708984140094c224": " lack of reliable statistics", + "5726516a708984140094c225": " over 100%", + "5726516a708984140094c226": "", + "5726516a708984140094c227": " between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", + "57265285708984140094c25b": "", + "57265285708984140094c25c": " marginal", + "57265285708984140094c25d": " temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas", + "57265285708984140094c25e": " faster", + "57265285708984140094c25f": " 5 to 15 years", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": " faster", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": "", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": " it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": " typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "blood poisoning", + "5726534d708984140094c271": " 25", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": " about a third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": " Half", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": " pre-planning and Christian burials", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": " 50%", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " most isolated areas", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": " 40%", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": " 14th to 17th centuries", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": " the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": " almost a million", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " propose a range of preincident population figures from as high as 7 million to as low as 4 million in 1300", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": " 1350", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": " 1665", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": " 1498", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": " 40,000", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": " 22", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " Italian Plague", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": " 1654", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": " 1.7 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": " 300,000", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": " half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " Sweden v. Russia and allies", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": " 1720", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": " a third", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", + "5726577f708984140094c301": " between 1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": " 30 to 50 thousand", + "5726577f708984140094c303": " second quarter of the 19th century", + "5726577f708984140094c304": " two-thirds", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " melt", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " metamorphic rock", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " a new magma", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " heat and pressure", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": " sedimentary rock", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": " heat and pressure that change the mineral content", + "57265d08708984140094c397": " seafloor spreading", + "57265d08708984140094c398": " crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c399": " asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": " the convection of the mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": " 1960s", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": " the asthenosphere", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": " 1960s", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": " divergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " convergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " Transform", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": " Alfred Wegener", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": " convecting mantle", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": " resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": " divergent boundaries", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": " its ability to combine all of these observations into a single theory of how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " seismic", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " a crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": " outer core and inner core", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " the mantle below", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " wave speeds", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": " liquid", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": " 410 and 660 kilometers", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " Quaternary", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " The Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": " Quaternary", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": " the most recent era", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": " too small", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " cross-cutting", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": " younger", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": " the key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": " Finding the key bed", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " xenoliths", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": " magma or lava flows", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": " clasts", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " gravel", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": " older than the rock which contains them", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " faunal succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " complex", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " fossils", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": " fossilization", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": " William Smith", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": " uncertainties of fossilization, the localization of fossil types due to lateral changes in habitat", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": " beginning of the 20th century", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": " stratigraphic", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": " absolute ages", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": " one another", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": " fossil sequences in which there was datable material", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": " facilitated by the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " Thermochemical techniques", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " closure temperature", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " isotope", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " horizontal", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " In the shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " anticlines and synclines", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": " thrust faults", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": " boudins", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " metamorphosed", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": " normal faulting", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": " less than a meter", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": " normal faulting and through the ductile stretching and thinning", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": " Dikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": " in areas that are being actively deformed", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": " topographic", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": " Continual motion along the fault", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": " Deformational", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": " material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": " Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " sedimentary rocks", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " Cambrian time", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": " northwestern Canada", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": " basaltic lava flows", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": " metamorphosed to the point where their origin is undiscernable without laboratory analysis", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": " their origin is undiscernable", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", + "572677e7708984140094c726": " soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": " biogeochemical", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " identifying rocks", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " interference", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " geochemical evolution of rock units", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " in the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " use fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " metamorphic processes", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": " microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": " plot and combine", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " analog and numerical experiments", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": " strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": " strain within the crystalline structure", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": " orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": " sand", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " Numerical models", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": " pathways", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", + "57268066708984140094c821": " stratigraphers", + "57268066708984140094c822": " geophysical", + "57268066708984140094c823": " well logs", + "57268066708984140094c824": " computer programs", + "57268066708984140094c825": " water, coal, and hydrocarbon", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " biostratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " Geochronologists", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " Magnetic stratigraphers", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Ibn Sina", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": " fossil animal shells", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": " geology of India", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": " Theory of the Earth", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": " 1795", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": " the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "James Hutton", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": " 1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": " 1807", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " American Philosophical Society", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": " Observations on the Geology of the United States", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": " 1809", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": " 50", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " Principles of Geology", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": " uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": " catastrophism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": " Charles Darwin", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": " Charles Darwin", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " pharma", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": " outdated or only approproriate", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " many other herbs", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "17th", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": " healthcare", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " optimal", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": " drug", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " optimisation of a drug treatment", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": " specialised education and training", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " other senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": " health care professional", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " Diocles of Carystus", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " writing a five volume book", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " middle eastern scientists", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": " highly respected", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": " Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": " superior", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": " above", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": " above the two personal physicians", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": " botany and chemistry", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": " Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": " sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": " Al-Muwaffaq", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": " 15th century", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " Florence, Italy", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": " a museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " old prescription books and antique drugs", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": " 1221", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " various disciplines of pharmacy", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " patient compliance issues", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " clinical pharmacists", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": " within the premises of the hospital", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": " unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": " high risk preparations and some other compounding functions", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": " high cost of medications and drug-related technology", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": " usually stock a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " inside hospitals and clinics", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " physicians and other healthcare professionals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " patient care rounds drug product selection", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " all health care settings", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": " clinical pharmacist", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration of therapy", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " full independent prescribing authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " North Carolina and New Mexico", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": " 2011", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": " medication regimen review", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": " nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": " Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": " employ consultant pharmacists and/or provide consulting services", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": " actual dispensing of drugs", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": " many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " 2000", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " online pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " if they are homebound", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " the method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " sell prescription drugs", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": " valid prescription", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " a legitimate medical purpose", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " legitimate medical purpose", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " to ensure that the prescription is valid", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " individual state laws", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " Vicodin", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " reduce consumer costs", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " no", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": " major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " medication management system development, deployment and optimization", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " quickly", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "Specialty pharmacies", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": " 19", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": " cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " high cost injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " lab monitoring, adherence counseling", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " separately from physicians", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " pharmacists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": " American Medical Association", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": " 7 to 10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " rural areas in the United Kingdom", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " Austria", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": " 1.6 kilometres", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": " 1.6 kilometres", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": " high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " financial self-interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": " checks and balances system", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": " obtaining cost-effective medication and avoiding the unnecessary use of medication that may have side-effects", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "diagnosing\" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " integral within the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " integral within the health care system. Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " Medication Therapy Management", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " increased patient health outcomes and decreased costs to the health care system", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " Alberta and British Columbia", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " the Australian Government", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": " medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": " pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": " Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": " Alberta and British Columbia", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " the Netherlands", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " Germany and Austria", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": " Civil disobedience", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": "", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": " the Singing Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": " Ukraine", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": " Georgia", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " the British occupation", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": " unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " American Civil Rights Movement", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": " oust their communist governments", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": " Oedipus", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": " giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " Sophocles", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " Oedipus", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " defies Creon, the current King of Thebes", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": " Antigone", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": " Creon", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": " trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "", + "5727213c708984140094da35": "", + "5727213c708984140094da36": " nonviolent", + "5727213c708984140094da37": "", + "5727213c708984140094da38": " Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": " free India", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Gandhi", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " Satyagraha", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": " muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": " ambiguity", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": " utterly debased", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " Vice President Agnew", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " ambiguity", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " extremely difficult", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " semantical problems", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " meaning", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": " voluminous", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": " semantical problems and grammatical niceties", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": " nonviolent", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": " violent", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": " Alice in Wonderland", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": " civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": "", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": " relation to the state and its laws", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " the head of government of a country were to refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": " private citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": " private citizen", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": " two equally sovereign branches of government", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " Thoreau", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " imprisonment", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " the conscience", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " elite politicians", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " only individuals act, only individuals", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " powerful but it is not necessarily right", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " against governmental entities", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": " only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " private universities", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": " Brownlee", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", + "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": " breaches of law in protest", + "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": " civil disobedience", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": " covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": "", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": " Book of Exodus", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": " Shiphrah and Puah", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " publicly announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " rules that conflict with morality", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " Book of Exodus", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": " lawbreaking", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": " Shiphrah and Puah", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " Black's Law Dictionary", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " tolerance", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " non-violent", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " destructive", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", + "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": " refraining from violence", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": " destructive", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": " Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Hungarians", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": " Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " exert pressure to get one's political wishes", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " to render certain laws ineffective", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " Gandhi", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", + "572822233acd2414000df555": " during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df556": " gathered in the streets", + "572822233acd2414000df557": " his arrest was not covered in any newspapers", + "572822233acd2414000df558": " higher political office", + "572822233acd2414000df559": " after the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": " during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": " refuse to sign bail", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": " jail solidarity", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": " days, weeks and months", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " illegal acts", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " propaganda", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " Voice in the Wilderness", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": " 738 days", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " successfully preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": " Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": " Voice in the Wilderness", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": " sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": " \"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " forbidden speech", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": " 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": " 1978", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " Threatening government officials", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " Threatening government officials", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": " Threatening government officials", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": " FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": " Threatening government officials", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " a system to function", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " padlocking the gates", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " padlocking the gates", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " limited coercion", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " more difficult for a system to function", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " make it more difficult for a system to function", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": " padlocking the gates", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": " conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": " criminal", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " arrest", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " anarchists", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": " legitimacy of any government", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": " whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " submit to the punishment prescribed by law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": " I feel I did the right thing by violating this particular law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": " I feel I have done no wrong. I may have violated some specific laws, but I am guilty of doing no wrong", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " Camp Mercury nuclear test site", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " one at a time they stepped across the \"line\" and were immediately arrested", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " The arrested persons were found \"guilty,\" nevertheless, and given suspended sentences", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "nolo contendere", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": " suspended sentences", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": " 13", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": " as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": " the spirit of protest", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": " the spirit of protest", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": " neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": " the spirit of protest", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": " solidarity", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Mohandas Gandhi", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": " plea bargain", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": " some activists", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": " the defendants were offered an opportunity to plead guilty to one misdemeanor count and receive no jail time", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " allocution", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " mistreatment from government officials", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " lack of remorse", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": " mistreatment from government officials", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": " her statement suggested a lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " win an acquittal", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " seek jury nullification", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": " win an acquittal", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": " not guilty", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " neither conscientious nor of social benefit", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " neither conscientious nor of social benefit", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " attempts to escape punishment", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": " punished", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": " direct civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": " Vietnam War", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " necessity", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "prosecutors have reasoned (correctly) that if they arrest fully informed jury leafleters", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": " breaking that law", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": " violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": " Fully Informed Jury Association activists", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": " he was found guilty", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " utilitarian", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": " manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": " six to nine percent", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": " planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": " a known client", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": " planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", + "57273cca708984140094db33": " An architect", + "57273cca708984140094db34": " An architect", + "57273cca708984140094db35": " effective planning", + "57273cca708984140094db36": " megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": " Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": " megaprojects", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": " An architect", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " buildings, infrastructure and industrial", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": " residential and non-residential (commercial/institutional)", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " heavy/highway, heavy civil or heavy engineering", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " Infrastructure", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " Industrial", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": " infrastructure", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": " Industrial", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": " a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Engineering News-Record", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": " 2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": " transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": " construction service firms", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": " Standard Industrial Classification", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": " building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": " the owner of the property", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": " design, financial, estimating and legal considerations, many projects of varying sizes reach undesirable end results", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": " local building authority regulations and codes of practice", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " Materials readily available in the area", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": " waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": " Cost of construction", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " 3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " 20 hours", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": " 2014", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": " 2 metres", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", + "572745c6708984140094db99": " designs into reality", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": " plan the physical proceedings, and to integrate those proceedings with the other parts", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": " the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": " a quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": " the most cost efficient bidder", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": " a design team", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " previously separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "design build\"", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": " architects, interior designers, engineers, developers, construction managers, and general contractors", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " design-build, partnering and construction management", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": " establishing relationships with other necessary participants", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": " project structures", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": " preventable financial problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": " builders ask for too little money to complete the project", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": " Fraud", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": " mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": " Accountants", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": " Cost engineers and estimators", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " identified change orders or project changes that increased costs", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " legal requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " things that are a matter of custom or expectation", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " An attorney", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " A contract", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " a delay costs money", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": " poorly drafted contracts", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " Public-Private Partnering", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " Public-Private Partnering", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " co-operation", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "", + "572753335951b619008f8853": " the architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8854": " the architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8855": " the architect's client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8856": " the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8857": " the building is ready to occupy", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": " direct contractual links", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": " D&B contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": " The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": " a consortium of several contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": " they design phase 2", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": " a list of requirements", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": " present different ideas about how to accomplish these goals", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": " the project is completely designed by the owner, then bid on, then completed", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " contractors", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " damage", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " the municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": " an occupancy permit", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": " construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": " construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " $960 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " $680 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": " 667,000", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": " fewer than 10", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": " 828,000", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a326,719", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " US/Canada", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": " salary survey", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": " more affluent roles are available", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": " Falls", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": " electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": " Proper safety equipment", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " independent schools", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " academic scholarship", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " charging their students tuition", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " the right to select their students", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", + "57274712708984140094dbad": " more than $45,000", + "57274712708984140094dbae": " 'tuition-free' schools", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": " Australia", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": " lower sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": " peer tuitions", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " the best teachers", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " Roman Catholic", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " Orthodox Christians", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " religious education", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": " parochial schools", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " power of expulsion", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " a compulsory blazer", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Private schools in Australia are always more expensive", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": " Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Catholic", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": " girls", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": " Campbelltown", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": " Article 7, Paragraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " a second Gleichschaltung", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": " 7.8%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": " 11.1%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": " 6.1%", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": " to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": " Sonderungsverbot", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " very low", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " by charging their students tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " religious groups", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": " religious groups", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " independent schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " CBSE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": " 30", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " the union government", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": " India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": " Annual Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " evaluates learning levels in rural India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": " English", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": " poorer academic achievement", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": " poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": " corruption", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " Society of Jesus", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac25,000 per year", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": " scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": " 1957", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " English", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " National School system", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " Over 60", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": " fully funded by private parties", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": " Kathmandu", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": " English", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": " Nepali", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": " middle-class", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": " middle-class", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": " nursery schools", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": " 88", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": " 28,000", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": " 3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " Catholic", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": " Anglican", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " Presbyterian", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " Christchurch", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " the Society of St Pius X", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": " Society of St Pius X", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": " Presbyterian", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": " 7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": " 32%", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": " 80%", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": " August 1992", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": " natural science", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": " Per unit costs", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": " Education Service Contracting", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": " Tuition Fee Supplement", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": " Private Education Student Financial Assistance", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": " geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": " pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": " The South African Schools Act of 1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": " 1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "independent", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": " traditional private schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": " nineteenth", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": " nineteenth", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "", + "57275409708984140094dc35": " government schools formerly reserved for white children", + "57275409708984140094dc36": " much higher school fees", + "57275409708984140094dc37": " much higher", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": " Model C", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " 10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " nearly 10,000 pupils", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": " 700", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " school voucher", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": " the opportunity to choose the school they prefer", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", + "572756265951b619008f886d": " 13", + "572756265951b619008f886e": " public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": " 9", + "572756265951b619008f8870": " 13", + "572756265951b619008f8871": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": " A-level", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": " \u00a327,000+", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "segregation academies", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " U.S. South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " white", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " African-American", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " religious organizations or private individuals", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": " First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " charter", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", + "572759665951b619008f8883": " Massachusetts", + "572759665951b619008f8884": " 1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": " 268 U.S. 510", + "572759665951b619008f8887": "", + "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": " Massachusetts", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": " states may set standards for educational accomplishment", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": " Wisconsin v. Yoder", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " $50,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " fundraising drives", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": " John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": " 1977", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": " James Bryant Conant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": " Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": " Charles W. Eliot", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9d": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9e": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9f": " 18th century", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa0": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa1": "", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": " Harvard Library", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": " over 18 million", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": " eight", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": " 150", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": " 62", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": " Cambridge", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": " $37.6 billion", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": " Charles River", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": " eleven", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": " Harvard Yard", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": " eleven", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": " 1636", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": " 1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": " 1639", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": " 1650", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": " Puritan", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " English university", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": " clergymen", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": " 1804", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Samuel Webber", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": " 1805", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": " Congregationalist", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Louis Agassiz", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f7": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f8": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f9": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350fa": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350fb": "", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": " Conant devised programs", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": " 1945", + "5a82079731013a001a33511d": "", + "5a82079731013a001a33511e": "", + "5a82079731013a001a33511f": "", + "5a82079731013a001a335120": "", + "5a82079731013a001a335121": "", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " four", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": " 1977", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " steadily increased", + "5a8209f831013a001a335131": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335132": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335133": " became more diverse", + "5a8209f831013a001a335134": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335135": "", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": " 3 miles", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " Charles River", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": " half a mile", + "5a820c4931013a001a335145": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335146": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335147": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335148": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335149": "", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": " Allston", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": " Longwood Medical and Academic Area", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": " The John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": " Harvard Medical School", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty percent", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible", + "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " 2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " 7,200", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": " 14,000", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": " 1858", + "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $32 billion", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " 30%", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $4.093 million", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": " $159 million", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " late 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": " Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " $230 million", + "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "shantytown", + "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": " 5.3%", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": " 2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": " 2016", + "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " seven", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " eight", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " its reliance on teaching fellows", + "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": " semester", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " four", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": " 60%", + "5a822dc931013a001a335295": " senior thesis and/or advanced course work", + "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "John Harvard Scholar\" and \"Harvard College Scholar\"", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $38,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " nothing", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " $414 million", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": " 88%", + "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Widener Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": " over 18 million", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": " Pusey Library", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " three", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": " Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": " 19th-century", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": " Blaschka", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": " 2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": " 2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\"", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": " 42", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": " Yale University", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": " every two years", + "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": " 1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": " 1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": " 1906", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": " Yale", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": " Rose Bowl", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": " captain", + "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": " Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": " Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " three", + "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", + "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", + "5a8241e631013a001a335363": " five", + "5a8241e631013a001a335364": " two", + "5a8241e631013a001a335365": " Olympic-size", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": " 23", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " Thames River", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " Cornell", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": " 2003", + "5a82432131013a001a33536b": " Connecticut", + "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", + "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", + "5a82458131013a001a335388": "", + "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", + "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", + "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": " Tatyana Ali", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": " Ryan Fitzpatrick", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": " Tatyana Ali", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": " Shing-Tung Yau", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": " Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": " Stephen Greenblatt", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": " Steven Pinker", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": " Robert Putnam", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": " 1,345,596", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " 12th", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": " Duval County", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": " 1968", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": " Duval County", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": " 1968", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " St. Johns River", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": " 340 miles (550 km)", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " Timucua", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " Andrew Jackson", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": " third largest", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": " golf", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " two", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "Jaxsons", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": " Port of Jacksonville", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " thousands", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": " University of North Florida team", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " Timucua", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " the historical era", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " Ossachite", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " France", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " St. Augustine", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " fort San Mateo", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " Fort Caroline", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " the French and Indian War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " constructed the King's Road", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " the fact that cattle were brought across the river there", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " Spain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": " February 9, 1832", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Confederate", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " The Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Battle of Olustee", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Warfare and the long occupation", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": " 1864", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": " Battle of Olustee", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": " Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": " the American Civil War", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " yellow fever outbreaks", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " railroad", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": " President Grover Cleveland", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": " yellow fever outbreaks", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": " Florida East Coast Railway", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " Spanish moss", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": " over 2,000", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " declare martial law", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "Great Fire of 1901", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "Great Fire of 1901", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " New York\u2013based filmmakers", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " silent", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " the emergence of Hollywood", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": " Hollywood", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": " a major film production center", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": " Norman Studios", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": " 55.1%", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " World War II", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": " \"white flight", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " tax base dissipated", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " annexing", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " Voters outside the city limits", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": " unincorporated suburbs", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": " through the traditional old boy network", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": " 11", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " Jacksonville Consolidation", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": " through the traditional old boy network", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": " 11", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " voters approved the plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " Hans Tanzler", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": " Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": " The Better Jacksonville Plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " half-penny sales tax", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": " Consolidated City of Jacksonville", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": " 874.3 square miles", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": " St. Johns River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": " Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": " 13.34%", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " Baldwin", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "2,264", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": " Trout River", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": " Baldwin", + "572821274b864d1900164510": " tallest", + "572821274b864d1900164511": " Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164512": " 617 ft", + "572821274b864d1900164513": " 28", + "572821274b864d1900164514": " flared base", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": " 42", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " humid subtropical climate", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " mild", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " low latitude", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": " wet", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C)", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": " thunderstorms", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": " extremely high humidity", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": " 104 \u00b0F (40 \u00b0C)", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " Hurricane Dora", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": " 110 mph", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": " Tropical Storm Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": " Saffir-Simpson Scale", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": " 2008", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": " 110 mph", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": " Hurricane Dora", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "", + "572826634b864d19001645be": " Arab", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": " 821,784", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": " Florida's largest", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": " Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": " 7.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": " 23.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": " female", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": " 91.3", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": " 2010", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": " 10.9%", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": " 43.8%", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": " 40%", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": " 3.5 billion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $759,900", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": " the methodology used", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " the methodology used", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": " 40%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": " financial assets", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": " nearly $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": " more than half", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " greater tendency to take on debts", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": " top 400", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " New York Times", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": " Inherited wealth", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": " wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "richest 1 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": " Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " Institute for Policy Studies", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": " 400", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": " the productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": " differences in value added by different classifications of workers", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": " productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": " productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": " differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": " classifications of workers", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": " wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": " the productivity gap between highly-paid professions and lower-paid professions", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": " competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " raises the productivity", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " increasing unemployment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " substitute capital equipment", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": " productivity", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " stagnant", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": " substitute capital equipment", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": " stagnant wages", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": " supply and demand", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " by offering a higher wage the best of their labor", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " unfair", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": " the market", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": " prices", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": " wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": " markets", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": " high levels of inequality", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " Competition amongst employers", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low demand", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " high wages", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " employers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": " low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": " competition between workers", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " expendable nature of the worker", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": " high wages", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " Necessity", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "push", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "pull", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " redistributive", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " Necessity-based", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " achievement-oriented motivations", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " positive", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " progressive tax", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " top tax rate", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " progressive tax system", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " the level of the top tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " The difference between the Gini index for an income distribution before taxation and the Gini index after taxation", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": " lower incomes", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": " access to education", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": " high wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": " lower", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": " lower incomes", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": " education", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": " high wages", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " Standard & Poor's rating agency", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": " 2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": " recovery from the 2008-2009 recession and made it more prone to boom-and-bust cycles", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " increasing access to education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " boom-and-bust cycles", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": " increasing access to education", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": " $105 billion", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": " Standard & Poor's rating agency", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": " 1910\u20131940", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " decrease", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " decrease in wages", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": " 1910\u20131940", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " a decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " Education", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": " union", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": " Anglo-American liberal policies", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " little", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": " economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": " CEPR", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " little", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": " lower", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": " union", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": " continental European", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": " Scandinavia", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " high inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": " decline of organized labor", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": " decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": " University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": " the decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": "", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": " weak labor movements", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": " Scandinavia", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " reduced wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " reduced wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": " technological innovation", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " a global to a domestic scale", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": " low-skilled workers", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " trade liberalisation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " minor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " machine labor", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": " increased wages", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": " 53%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " -40%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": " Gender", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": " males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " women", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": " Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " difference", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": " males", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " social welfare programs", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " it acquires more capital", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " social welfare programs", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " levels of economic inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " more capital", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": " 1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": " after the 1970s", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": " Kuznets", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " very weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " decrease", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": " 1910 to 1940", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " beneficiaries", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " wealth condensation", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " larger fortunes", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " those who already hold wealth", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " wealth condensation", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": " Thomas Piketty", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": " higher returns", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " market forces", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " rare and desired", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " rent-seeking", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": " inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": " human capital is neglected", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": " life expectancy", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": " inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": " -.620", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": " rising inequality", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": " negative", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Unemployment", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " economic", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": " economic growth", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " higher", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " lower", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": " 23", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " better health and longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " life expectancy", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " Americans", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " nine", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " countries with bigger income inequalities", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": " greater equality", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": " inequality", + "572a0a391d046914007796e0": " homicides", + "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " fifty", + "572a0a391d046914007796e2": " tenfold", + "572a0a391d046914007796e3": " differences in the amount of inequality in each province or state", + "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8c": "", + "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8d": "", + "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8e": "", + "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f8f": "", + "5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f90": "", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " the greatest good", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": "distributive efficiency", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": " basic necessities like food, water, and healthcare", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " decreases", + "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " higher aggregate utility", + "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd8": "", + "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fd9": "", + "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fda": " luxury items providing relatively less utility", + "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdb": "", + "5ad260dbd7d075001a428fdc": "", + "572a0c541d046914007796f3": " consumption", + "572a0c541d046914007796f4": " libertarian", + "572a0c541d046914007796f5": " 2001", + "572a0c541d046914007796f6": " Thomas B. Edsall", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": " journalist", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": " the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " easier credit", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": " unsustainable monetary stimulation", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " inequality in wealth and income", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": " the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": " declines", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": " higher GDP growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " The poor and the middle class", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " it is a waste of resources", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " inequality-associated effects", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": " inequality", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " increasing importance of human capital in development", + "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " widespread education", + "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e4": "", + "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e5": "", + "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e6": "", + "5ad262ffd7d075001a4290e7": " increasing importance of human capital in development", + "572a11663f37b31900478693": " 1993", + "572a11663f37b31900478694": " detrimental", + "572a11663f37b31900478695": " economic growth", + "572a11663f37b31900478696": " redistributive taxation", + "572a11663f37b31900478697": " politically and socially unstable", + "5ad26367d7d075001a4290fe": "", + "5ad26367d7d075001a4290ff": "", + "5ad26367d7d075001a429100": "", + "5ad26367d7d075001a429101": "", + "5ad26367d7d075001a429102": "", + "572a12381d0469140077972b": " Harvard", + "572a12381d0469140077972c": " growth and investment", + "572a12381d0469140077972d": " reduce", + "572a12381d0469140077972e": " encourage growth", + "572a12381d0469140077972f": " between 1960 and 2000", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": " encourage growth", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": " the Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": " Thomas Piketty", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": " Economist", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": " wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\"", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": " decreases", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": " 1970s", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " risen", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " several years", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " more equality in the income distribution", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917e": "", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917f": "", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a429180": "", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " special efforts", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " existing level of inequality", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": " United Nations", + "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": " reducing poverty", + "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a8": "", + "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291a9": "", + "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291aa": "", + "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ab": "", + "5ad2654fd7d075001a4291ac": "", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " land and housing", + "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " through various associations and other arrangements", + "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " extra-legal", + "572a1ba46aef051400155291": " 200", + "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " government land", + "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c6": "", + "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c7": "", + "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c8": "", + "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291c9": "", + "5ad265d2d7d075001a4291ca": "", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": " quality rental units", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " the demand for higher quality housing increased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": " gentrification of older neighbourhoods", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " ad valorem property tax policy", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": " gentrification of older neighbourhoods", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " shared by everyone", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " their finances", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " taking on debt", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " economic instability", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " multiplier would be lower, and thus the amount of environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": " environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": " population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " private ownership of the means of production by a class of owners", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": " wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " socially", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " reflective", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " taxation", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " forceful taking of property", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " when they improve society as a whole, including the poorest members", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": " the end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being\u201d", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": " through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing)", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the ability to pursue valued goals", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " they are in some way deprived of earning as much income as they would otherwise", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " earn as much as a healthy young man", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " gender roles and customs", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " fear of their lives", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " a better relevant income", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": " a better relevant income", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": " private research university", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": " 1890", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " seven", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " four", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " 5,000", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " academic disciplines", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " Chicago's physics department", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": " beneath the university's Stagg Field", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " University of Chicago Press", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": " 2020", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": " Stagg Field", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " John D. Rockefeller", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": " 1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": " 1892", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " John D. Rockefeller", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " Silas B. Cobb", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " Charles L. Hutchinson", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa2": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa3": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa4": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa5": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa6": "", + "572843304b864d1900164848": "", + "572843304b864d1900164849": " 1896", + "572843304b864d190016484a": " made a grade of A for all four years", + "572843304b864d190016484b": " University of Chicago professors", + "572843304b864d190016484c": " 1910", + "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd4": "", + "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd5": " Mount Carroll", + "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd6": " affiliated schools", + "5acf7fdf77cf76001a684fd7": "", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": " 1929", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " 24-year", + "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " to emphasize academics over athletics", + "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " Common Core", + "5acf808877cf76001a685004": "", + "5acf808877cf76001a685005": "", + "5acf808877cf76001a685006": "", + "5acf808877cf76001a685007": "", + "5acf808877cf76001a685008": "", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": " 1950s", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " increasing crime and poverty", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": " after their second year", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " Hyde Park", + "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " allowed very young students to attend college", + "5acf82c277cf76001a685064": "", + "5acf82c277cf76001a685065": "", + "5acf82c277cf76001a685066": "", + "5acf82c277cf76001a685067": "", + "5acf82c277cf76001a685068": " an early entrant program", + "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": " the university's off-campus rental policies", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": " 1967", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": " two", + "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": "social and political action", + "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f8": "", + "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850f9": "", + "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fa": "", + "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fb": "", + "5acf86ff77cf76001a6850fc": "", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " mid-2000s", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " Milton Friedman Institute", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " Chicago Theological Seminary", + "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " David G. Booth", + "5acf879f77cf76001a68511c": "", + "5acf879f77cf76001a68511d": "", + "5acf879f77cf76001a68511e": "", + "5acf879f77cf76001a68511f": "", + "5acf879f77cf76001a685120": "", + "57284b904b864d19001648e2": " the Main Quadrangles", + "57284b904b864d19001648e3": " six", + "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " Cobb, Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge, Holabird & Roche", + "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Magdalen Tower", + "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Christ Church Hall", + "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518e": "", + "5acf8b1177cf76001a68518f": "", + "5acf8b1177cf76001a685190": "", + "5acf8b1177cf76001a685191": "", + "57284d484b864d1900164900": " 1940s", + "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Eero Saarinen", + "57284d484b864d1900164902": " School of Social Service Administration", + "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Harris School of Public Policy Studies", + "57284d484b864d1900164904": "2003", + "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b2": "", + "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b3": "", + "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b4": "", + "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b5": "", + "5acf8bbd77cf76001a6851b6": "", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " Singapore, London, and the downtown Streeterville neighborhood of Chicago", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Seine", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": " 2010", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Renmin University", + "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": " 2015", + "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bc": "", + "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bd": "", + "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851be": "", + "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851bf": "", + "5acf8c4b77cf76001a6851c0": "", + "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " a board of trustees", + "5728501aff5b5019007da167": " 50", + "5728501aff5b5019007da168": " fourteen", + "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Andrew Alper", + "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": " Daniel Diermeier", + "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f6": "", + "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f7": "", + "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f8": "", + "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851f9": "", + "5acf8d4077cf76001a6851fa": "", + "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " The Higher Learning Commission", + "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " four", + "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " seven", + "5acf900177cf76001a68527e": "", + "5acf900177cf76001a68527f": "", + "5acf900177cf76001a685280": "", + "5acf900177cf76001a685281": "", + "5acf900177cf76001a685282": "", + "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " 50", + "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " 28", + "57285213ff5b5019007da182": " five", + "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " New Collegiate Division", + "5acf941b77cf76001a68532e": "", + "5acf941b77cf76001a68532f": "", + "5acf941b77cf76001a685330": "", + "5acf941b77cf76001a685331": "", + "5acf941b77cf76001a685332": "", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " Common Core", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": " 17", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " most rigorous, intense", + "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " Uni in the USA", + "5acf974277cf76001a6853a8": "", + "5acf974277cf76001a6853a9": "", + "5acf974277cf76001a6853aa": "", + "5acf974277cf76001a6853ab": "", + "5acf974277cf76001a6853ac": "", + "572855973acd2414000df925": " University of Chicago Laboratory Schools", + "572855973acd2414000df926": " Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School", + "572855973acd2414000df927": " four", + "572855973acd2414000df928": " public charter schools", + "572855973acd2414000df929": " University of Chicago campus", + "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c6": "", + "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c7": "", + "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c8": "", + "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853c9": "", + "5acf98ad77cf76001a6853ca": "", + "572856beff5b5019007da190": " six", + "572856beff5b5019007da191": " 9.8 million", + "572856beff5b5019007da192": " Regenstein Library", + "572856beff5b5019007da193": " 2011", + "572856beff5b5019007da194": " 1.3 million", + "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ee": "", + "5acf99b577cf76001a6853ef": "", + "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f0": "", + "5acf99b577cf76001a6853f1": "", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": " 12", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": " 113", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Oriental Institute", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " Fermilab", + "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Sunspot, New Mexico", + "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541c": "", + "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541d": " 113", + "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541e": "", + "5acf9a5277cf76001a68541f": "", + "5acf9a5277cf76001a685420": " Chicago", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " shaping ideas about the free market", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " Chicago Pile-1", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " Miller\u2013Urey experiment", + "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": " 1953", + "5acf9b1177cf76001a685440": "", + "5acf9b1177cf76001a685441": " 1947", + "5acf9b1177cf76001a685442": "", + "5acf9b1177cf76001a685443": "", + "5acf9b1177cf76001a685444": "", + "572861cc4b864d190016495e": " 1933", + "572861cc4b864d190016495f": " 2000", + "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "", + "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "2002", + "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " Several thousand", + "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547a": "", + "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547b": "", + "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547c": " music, and art history", + "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547d": "dramatic, music, and visual arts", + "5acf9bcf77cf76001a68547e": "", + "572863363acd2414000df985": " 5,792", + "572863363acd2414000df986": " 3,468", + "572863363acd2414000df987": " 5,984", + "572863363acd2414000df988": " 15,244", + "572863363acd2414000df989": " international students", + "5acf9d3477cf76001a685512": "", + "5acf9d3477cf76001a685513": " four", + "5acf9d3477cf76001a685514": "", + "5acf9d3477cf76001a685515": "", + "5acf9d3477cf76001a685516": "", + "572864542ca10214002da2de": " University Athletic Association", + "572864542ca10214002da2df": " Division III", + "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " Big Ten Conference", + "572864542ca10214002da2e1": " Jay Berwanger", + "572864542ca10214002da2e2": " University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football", + "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685556": "", + "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685557": "", + "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685558": "", + "5acf9dfb77cf76001a685559": "", + "5acf9dfb77cf76001a68555a": "", + "5728659f4b864d190016498a": " 400", + "5728659f4b864d190016498b": " Recognized Student Organizations", + "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " University of Chicago College Bowl Team", + "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " Doc Films", + "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " Off-Off Campus", + "5acf9e9377cf76001a685582": "", + "5acf9e9377cf76001a685583": "", + "5acf9e9377cf76001a685584": "", + "5acf9e9377cf76001a685585": "", + "5acf9e9377cf76001a685586": "", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " graduate and undergraduate students", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " an Executive Committee, chaired by a President", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " two", + "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " $2 million", + "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b6": "All Recognized Student Organizations", + "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b7": "", + "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b8": "", + "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855b9": " a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents", + "5acf9f9877cf76001a6855ba": "", + "572867543acd2414000df9a1": " fifteen", + "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " seven", + "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " Alpha Phi Omega", + "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " Four", + "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " ten", + "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ca": " seven", + "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cb": " fifteen", + "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cc": "", + "5acfa09277cf76001a6855cd": "", + "5acfa09277cf76001a6855ce": "", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": " May", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": " 1987", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": " Festival of the Arts", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko", + "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " Summer Breeze", + "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f8": "", + "5acfa18177cf76001a6855f9": "", + "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fa": "", + "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fb": "", + "5acfa18177cf76001a6855fc": "", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Satya Nadella", + "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Larry Ellison", + "57286951ff5b5019007da211": "", + "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " James O. McKinsey", + "5acfa23577cf76001a68562e": " Larry Ellison", + "5acfa23577cf76001a68562f": " Jon Corzine", + "5acfa23577cf76001a685630": "", + "5acfa23577cf76001a685631": " Adam Silver", + "5acfa23577cf76001a685632": "", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " Saul Alinsky", + "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " David Axelrod", + "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " Robert Bork", + "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " Masaaki Shirakawa", + "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " Eliot Ness", + "5acfa29c77cf76001a685666": " David Axelrod", + "5acfa29c77cf76001a685667": " David Axelrod", + "5acfa29c77cf76001a685668": "", + "5acfa29c77cf76001a685669": "", + "5acfa29c77cf76001a68566a": "", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " Lauren Oliver", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Philip Roth", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " Allan Bloom", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": "", + "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " Kurt Vonnegut", + "5acfa31377cf76001a685682": " Saul Bellow", + "5acfa31377cf76001a685683": " Allan Bloom", + "5acfa31377cf76001a685684": "", + "5acfa31377cf76001a685685": "", + "5acfa31377cf76001a685686": "", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Philip Glass", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " Katherine Dunham", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " Halo", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Ed Asner", + "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Mike Nichols", + "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f4": "", + "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f5": " Ed Asner", + "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f6": " Carl Van Vechten", + "5acfa53677cf76001a6856f7": " Roger Ebert", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": " Carl Sagan", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": " John M. Grunsfeld", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": " David Suzuki", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " John B. Goodenough", + "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": " Clair Cameron Patterson", + "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572c": "", + "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572d": "", + "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572e": " John B. Goodenough", + "5acfa71b77cf76001a68572f": " John B. Goodenough", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " Thomas Sowell", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " Margaret Thatcher", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " Paul Samuelson", + "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " Eugene Fama", + "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576c": "", + "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576d": "", + "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576e": " Eugene Fama", + "5acfa8a277cf76001a68576f": "", + "5acfa8a277cf76001a685770": "", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": " David Graeber and Donald Johanson", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": " Samuel Reshevsky", + "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " Samuel P. Huntington", + "5acfa93777cf76001a685780": "", + "5acfa93777cf76001a685781": "", + "5acfa93777cf76001a685782": "", + "5acfa93777cf76001a685783": " Samuel P. Huntington", + "5acfa93777cf76001a685784": "", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " A. A. Michelson", + "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Robert A. Millikan", + "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Arthur H. Compton", + "572872dd2ca10214002da381": " Enrico Fermi", + "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Maria Goeppert-Mayer", + "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a8": " Arthur H. Compton", + "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857a9": "", + "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857aa": " Robert A. Millikan", + "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ab": "", + "5acfa9b877cf76001a6857ac": "", + "5728742cff5b5019007da246": " James Henry Breasted", + "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Alberto Calder\u00f3n", + "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Ted Fujita", + "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " Glenn T. Seaborg", + "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", + "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d0": "", + "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d1": "", + "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d2": "", + "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d3": "", + "5acfab5077cf76001a6857d4": " Allan Bloom", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " Goldman Sachs", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": " Raghuram Rajan", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": " David Bevington", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": " John Mearsheimer and Robert Pape", + "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": " Neil Shubin and Paul Sereno", + "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f8": "", + "5acfac7177cf76001a6857f9": "", + "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fa": " Raghuram Rajan", + "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fb": " Steven Levitt", + "5acfac7177cf76001a6857fc": "", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": " the Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": " the Great Yuan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": " Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " Kublai Khan", + "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": " 1271", + "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc93": "", + "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc94": "", + "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc95": "", + "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc96": "", + "5ad3ffb3604f3c001a3ffc97": "", + "572860e03acd2414000df977": " Mongol Empire", + "572860e03acd2414000df978": " Ming", + "572860e03acd2414000df979": " Ming dynasty", + "572860e03acd2414000df97a": " Genghis Khan", + "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcaf": " Mongol Empire", + "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb0": " Ming", + "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb1": "", + "5ad3ffef604f3c001a3ffcb2": "", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": " 1271", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": "", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": " Dai \u00d6n", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan Great Mongol State", + "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": " Great Khan", + "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb7": "", + "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb8": "", + "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcb9": "", + "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcba": "", + "5ad4003b604f3c001a3ffcbb": "", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Mongol and Turkic", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": " 1206", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " \u00d6gedei Khan", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": " 1251", + "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " his mother Sorghaghtani", + "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcef": " Mongol and Turkic", + "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf0": " 1234", + "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf1": "", + "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf2": " 1234", + "5ad400f0604f3c001a3ffcf3": "", + "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " the Jin", + "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Khitan Xiao Zhala", + "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Shi Tianze, Liu Heima", + "572864dd4b864d1900164979": " 10,000", + "572864dd4b864d190016497a": " 3", + "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0b": " the Jin", + "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0c": "", + "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0d": "", + "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0e": " 10,000", + "5ad40158604f3c001a3ffd0f": "", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Han Chinese", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Jin", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Han and Jurchen", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Shi Bingzhi", + "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Song dynasty", + "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2d": " Han", + "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2e": "", + "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd2f": "", + "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd30": "", + "5ad401de604f3c001a3ffd31": "", + "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", + "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " southern China", + "572867212ca10214002da2f4": " 1259", + "572867212ca10214002da2f5": " Ariq B\u00f6ke", + "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Zhongtong", + "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd45": "", + "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd46": "", + "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd47": "", + "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd48": " his brother, Ariq B\u00f6ke", + "5ad40219604f3c001a3ffd49": "", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": " Ogedei", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " the south", + "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " Wonjong", + "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " western frontier of Kublai's domain. The hostile but weakened Song dynasty remained an obstacle in the south. Kublai secured the northeast", + "572867d72ca10214002da300": " 1262", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5d": " Ogedei", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5e": "", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": " Kaidu", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": " western frontier", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": " salt and iron", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " local", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " three", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " Han Chinese", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": " local administrative structure", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": " four", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " Karakorum in Mongolia", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " Khanbaliq", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": " 1264", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": " Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " commercial, scientific, and cultural", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": " Mongol peace", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " southern China", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " Daidu in the north", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Marco Polo", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": " Christopher Columbus", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " the Song Emperor", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": " 30,000", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "1115", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "1234", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": " Kong Zhu", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " northern China", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": " 1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " Yangzi River basin", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " drowned", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": " northern China", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": " Yangzi River basin", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": " Hangzhou", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": " drowned", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": " 1279", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " an inauspicious typhoon", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " Annam", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": " Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1288", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": " Wars and construction projects", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": " crushed and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": " Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": " 1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " Zhenjin", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": " 1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " Emperor Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": " 1294 to 1307", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": " Zhenjin", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": " 1285", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": " 1307", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": " adopt mainstream Chinese culture", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": " Li Meng", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": " Department of State Affairs", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": " 1313", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": " Mongol elite", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": " 1321 to 1323", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " five", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": " five", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " Shangdu", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": " the War of the Two Capitals", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " four days", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " El Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "When Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died in Shangdu", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": " four days", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": " Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " his cultural contribution", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " spring of 1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Jingshi Dadian", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Buddhism", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": " 1332", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " 13", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " nine", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " Liao, Jin, and Song", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "", + "572872822ca10214002da374": " struggle, famine, and bitterness", + "572872822ca10214002da375": " the Mongols beyond the Middle Kingdom saw them as too Chinese", + "572872822ca10214002da376": " the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": " Outlaws", + "572872822ca10214002da378": " administration", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": " the army and the populace", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " Red Turban rebels", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "1644", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " political unity", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " the Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": " Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": "", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": " Confucian", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": " travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": " Tibetan", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": " Confucian", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": " Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " the Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " Il milione", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " through contact with Persian traders", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": " Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": " 26 seconds", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": " granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": " Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": " sorghum", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": " 365.2425 days of the year", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": " granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " non-native Chinese people", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": " Eternal Heaven", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " the Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " Ming dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " a period of foreign domination", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": " Ming dynasty", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " tripartite", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " civil, military, and censorial offices", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " Privy Council", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " since the Sui and Tang dynasties", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": " Privy Council", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": " 1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " they could generally converse well in the language", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": " Tugh Temur", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Emperor Wenzong", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": " 1290", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": " 1291", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": " the harvests of their Chinese tenants", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " Song dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " qu", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " zaju", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": " vernacular Chinese", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": " painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " Sakya", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": " western khanates", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": " Tibetan Buddhism", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1314", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": " matrices", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " polynomial algebra", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": " 1303", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " applied mathematics", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": " cubic interpolation formula", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": " Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": " Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": " 1281", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": " cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": " Shoushi Li", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": " Shoushi Li", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", + "572881022ca10214002da416": " non-Mongol physicians", + "572881022ca10214002da417": " herbal", + "572881022ca10214002da418": " herbal", + "572881022ca10214002da419": " Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": " it ensured a high income", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": " based on the same intellectual foundation", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": " westward to the Middle East and the rest of the empire", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": " acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, and various herbal drugs and elixirs", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " Muslim medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": " 1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " humoral system", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " yin-yang and wuxing", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": " yin-yang and wuxing", + "572882242ca10214002da420": " through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", + "572882242ca10214002da421": " Wang Zhen", + "572882242ca10214002da422": " 12th century", + "572882242ca10214002da423": " T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572882242ca10214002da424": " 1273", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": " T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " bark of mulberry trees", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": " 1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " woodblocks", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": " 1294", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": " woodblocks", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "colonial", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " Ilkhanate", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Central Asian Muslims", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " Han Chinese and Khitans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": " artisans and farmers", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": " Qara-Khitay", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": " artisans and farmers", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": " Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices like circumcision, as well as Kosher butchering for Jews", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": " Kosher butchering", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Zhu Yuanzhang", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " Muslims in the semu class", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": " rich and well socially standing", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": " poverty", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": " Frederick W. Mote", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": " rich and well socially standing", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": " Northern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": " Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": " because southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": " The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " the Uighurs", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Karluk Kara-Khanid", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " Korean King", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": " the Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": " Karluk Kara-Khanid", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": " Korean King", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Khanbaliq", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": " Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Zhongshu Sheng", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " disease", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " pathogens", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " neuroimmune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": " pathogens", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " neuroimmune system", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " Immunodeficiency", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " autoimmunity", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " Immunology", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " HIV/AIDS", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Robert Koch", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " microorganisms", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " yellow fever", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": " 430 BC", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " Innate", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " adaptive immune system", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": " physical barriers", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " self and non-self", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " specific immune receptors", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": " components of an organism's body that can be distinguished from foreign substances", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": " pattern recognition receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": " innate immune system", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " microorganisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": " non-specific", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": " exoskeleton", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": " The waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": " coughing and sneezing", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": " mucus", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": " \u03b2-defensins", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": " lysozyme and phospholipase A2", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": " defensins and zinc", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": " gastric acid and proteases", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " menarche", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": " following menarche", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " commensal flora", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": " lactobacilli", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " pH or available iron", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " increased blood flow into tissue", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": " eicosanoids and cytokines", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": " prostaglandins", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " interleukins", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": " cytokines", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": " acquiring nutrients", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": " an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": " Neutrophils", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": " interleukin 1", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " adaptive", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": " T cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": " the nervous system", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": " they express intact self MHC antigens", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": " vertebrates", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " antigen presentation", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": " pathogens or pathogen-infected cells", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "memory cells\". Should a pathogen infect the body more than once, these specific memory cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " the killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " regulatory T cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " Class I MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " Class II MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " \u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " T cell receptor (TCR", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " CD8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " perforin", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " granulysin", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " CD4", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": " 200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " cytokines", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " CD40 ligand", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": " antigen bound to Class II MHC molecules", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": " T cell receptor", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": " \u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": " receptor diversity", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": " V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": " CD4+ and CD8+ (\u03b1\u03b2) T cells", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "A B", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": " proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": " lymphokines", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " long-lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": " passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " pathogen", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " Breast milk or colostrum", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " passive immunity", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " immunomodulators", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": " adaptive and innate", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": " lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": " immunosuppressive", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": " testosterone", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " NFIL3", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " sleep", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": " heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " a progressive decline in hormone levels with age", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " vitamin D", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " hormones", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " cholecalciferol", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " killer T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " MHC class I", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " viral antigens", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " antibodies", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " phagocytic cells", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " rapid apoptosis", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " Systemic acquired resistance", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " RNA silencing", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": " phagocytic cells", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": " autoimmune", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "self", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": " 50 years of age", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": " malnutrition", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " vaccination", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " immunization", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " an antigen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " natural specificity", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": " type III secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " elude host immune responses", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Frank Burnet", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": " histocompatibility", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " Niels Jerne", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": " Niels Jerne", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " cytotoxic or immunosuppressive", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": " methotrexate or azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " cyclosporin", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": " cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": " cortisol and catecholamines", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " free radical", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " steroid hormone calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " symbiotic", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": " CYP27B1", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": " CYP27B1", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " defensins", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " phagocytic cells", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": " RNA interference pathway", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": " defensins", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " lamprey and hagfish", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " adaptive immune system", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": " lamprey and hagfish", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " lymphocytes", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " viral pathogens, called bacteriophages", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " CRISPR", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " \"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": " Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " phagocytes", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " soluble components", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": " Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " cancers", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " MHC class I", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": " TGF-\u03b2", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": " the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " four", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " Type I", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " IgE", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " cytotoxic", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": " Salmonella", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": " Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " HIV", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": " Trypanosoma brucei", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": " antigens", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " human papillomavirus", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " melanomas", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " melanomas", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": ">500 Da", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " hydrophilic", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " Immunoproteomics", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": " B", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": " immunoinformatics", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", + "572a12386aef051400155234": " leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", + "572a12386aef051400155235": " APCs", + "572a12386aef051400155236": " Th1", + "572a12386aef051400155237": " Th1", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " unicellular", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " defensins", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " carbohydrates", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " signal amplification", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " catalytic cascade", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " by disrupting their plasma membrane", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": " United Nations", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": " the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": " United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": " Resolution 43/53", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": " the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": " Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": " Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": " Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " February 2015", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bc": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bd": "", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " 350", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": " government officials and climate change experts", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c3": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c4": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c5": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c6": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c7": "", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": " 1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": " United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cd": " IPCC Trust Fund", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024ce": "", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cf": "", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d0": " the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d1": "", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": " carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": " published sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": " non-peer-reviewed sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d7": "The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d8": "", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d9": " authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024da": "", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024db": "", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " The coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " Working Group chairs", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253b": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253c": " two", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253d": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253e": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253f": "", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": " substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": " additional warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": " over half", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": " 0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e1": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e2": " 0.3 \u00b0C per decade", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e3": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e4": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e5": "", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": " 2001", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": " 16", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": " 90% certain", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": " between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024eb": "", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ec": " the Australian Academy of Science", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ed": " Science", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ee": "", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ef": "", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": " Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " co-chair of TAR WGI", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": " supported by scientific evidence", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f5": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f6": " Richard Lindzen", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f7": " Richard Lindzen", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f8": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f9": " SPM", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " The preparation and approval process", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": " 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": " 2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " requested by governments", + "5a3e3907378766001a0024ff": "", + "5a3e3907378766001a002500": "", + "5a3e3907378766001a002501": " 2011", + "5a3e3907378766001a002502": " Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (SRREN)", + "5a3e3907378766001a002503": "", + "572940246aef051400154bec": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", + "572940246aef051400154bed": " default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": " fuel consumption, industrial production", + "572940246aef051400154bef": " WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a002509": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250a": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250b": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250c": "The IPCC", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250d": "", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": " the date", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": " poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": " WWF report, which has misquoted its own source", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002545": " 2035", + "5a3e495c378766001a002547": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002548": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002549": "", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": "Former IPCC chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": " making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact", + "572941273f37b319004781af": " co-chair", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": " Himalayan glaciers", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": "generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002513": " Robert Watson", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002514": " The IPCC", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002515": "", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002516": " Himalayan glaciers", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002517": "", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": " 1999", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": " Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": " 1999", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": " between 1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " Fred Singer", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " 18 July 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": " Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", + "5a3e42de378766001a002527": " between 1000 and 1900", + "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": " Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " Ed Whitfield", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": " 23 June 2005", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " Sherwood Boehlert", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " Sherwood Boehlert", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": " Ed Whitfield", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": " 2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": " 2001", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": " Ten of these 14", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": " Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " divergence", + "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": "", + "572945b11d04691400779230": " the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range", + "572945b11d04691400779231": " near the top end of the range", + "572945b11d04691400779232": " above the top of the range", + "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", + "5a3e5697378766001a002596": " six", + "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", + "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "", + "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "", + "572949306aef051400154c68": "", + "572949306aef051400154c69": " 9\u201388 cm", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": " 0.5\u20131.4 m", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": " 2001", + "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": " 9\u201388 cm", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " coordinating lead author", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": " Science Magazine", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": " IPCC consensus approach", + "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": " 2008-2009", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": " Science Magazine", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " states and governments", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002563": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002564": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002565": " different, if not opposing goals", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002566": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002567": "", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " Sheldon Ungar", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " the UK government", + "5a3e5014378766001a002577": " Sheldon Ungar", + "5a3e5014378766001a002578": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a002579": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a00257a": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a00257b": "", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " scientific papers", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " IPCC", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002581": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002582": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": " assessment report", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": " five", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " Nature", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors, to dumping it in favor of a small permanent body", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " remove government oversight from its processes", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": " February 2010", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": " turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated \"living\" Wikipedia-IPCC", + "57296d571d04691400779413": "", + "57296d571d04691400779414": "", + "57296d571d04691400779415": " fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": " primes", + "57296d571d04691400779417": " one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": " one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " primality", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": " trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": " 22,338,618", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": " 22,338,618 decimal digits", + "572970c11d04691400779463": " infinitely many", + "572970c11d04691400779464": " Euclid", + "572970c11d04691400779465": " statistical", + "572970c11d04691400779466": " prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": " end of the 19th century", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " algebraic", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " public-key cryptography", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " prime ideals", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": " twin prime conjecture", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": " algebraic", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": " public-key cryptography", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": " prime ideals", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " 2", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": " odd prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " 9", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": " 9", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " 1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Christian Goldbach", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Leonhard Euler", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": " 10,006,721", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": " prime", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " eliminate all multiples of 1", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": " Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": " Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors function", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": " the sum of divisors function", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": " Rhind papyrus", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": " Ancient Greeks", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": " Euclid's Elements", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": " Euclid", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": " a simple method to compute primes", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": " Rhind papyrus", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": " Ancient Greeks", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": " Euclid", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": " 1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": " Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " prime", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " up to n = 4", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " 2p \u2212 1, with p a prime", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " if a complete list of primes up to is known", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " 1", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " square root of n", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": " three", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": " trial division", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": " a complete list of primes up to is known", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": " square root of n", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": " the square root of n", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": " three", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": "", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": " probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Monte Carlo", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": " deterministic algorithm", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": " 1/(1-p)n", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": " deterministic algorithms", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": " deterministic", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "Monte Carlo", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " composite numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": " Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": " composite numbers", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": " 2p + 1 with p prime", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " 2p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": " Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " Sophie Germain primes", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": " distributed computing", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": " 2009", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": " US$100,000", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": " Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": " distributed computing", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1]", + "572985011d04691400779501": " floor function", + "572985011d04691400779502": " Chebyshev", + "572985011d04691400779503": " n > 3", + "572985011d04691400779504": " represents the floor function", + "572985011d04691400779505": " Wilson's theorem", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": " Chebyshev", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": " greatest common divisor is one", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " Dirichlet's theorem", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": " 1/6", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": " one", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": " infinitely many", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": " Dirichlet's theorem", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": " one prime number", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": " as soon as a multiple of 9 is passed", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": " zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": " finite value", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": " diverges", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": " exceeds any given number", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": " modern algebraic number theory", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": " diverges", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": " exceeds any given number", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": " modern algebraic number theory", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": " 1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " \u22122, \u22124", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": " asymptotic distribution", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": " asymptotic", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": " asymptotic", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " 1912", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " Goldbach's conjecture", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " all numbers up to n = 2 \u00b7 1017", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " Vinogradov's theorem", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " Chen's theorem", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": " Chen's theorem", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "twin prime conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": " pairs of primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": " Polignac's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": "", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": " H. Brocard's conjecture", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": " number theory", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": " G. H. Hardy", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": " 1970s", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": " hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": " pseudorandom number generators", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": " G. H. Hardy", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": " recurring", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "p \u2212 1)! + 1", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": " (n \u2212 1)!", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": " p is not a prime factor of q", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": " recurring decimal", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " RSA", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " Diffie\u2013Hellman key exchange", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " 512", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " modular", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " 1024", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": " 512", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": " cicadas", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": " underground", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": " 17", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": " the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": " 2%", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": " cicadas", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": " 17", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": " the prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": " 2%", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": " minimality or indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " smallest subfield", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": " it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": " as a connected sum of prime knots", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": " smallest subfield", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": " R", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": " irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " neither zero nor a unit", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " if it is not a unit", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": " Gaussian integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " arbitrary integers", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": " Gaussian primes", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": " arbitrary integers", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " Prime ideals", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " algebraic number theory", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " Noetherian", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": " geometry", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " integers", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " solvability of quadratic equations", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " gets smaller", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " local) fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " local-global principle", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": " local) fields", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": " Olivier Messiaen", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": " La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": " Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " the third", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": " the movements of nature", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": " Olivier Messiaen", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " North Sea in the Netherlands", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": " Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": " 1,230 km (760 mi)", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " southeastern Swiss Alps", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " Netherlands", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": " 1,230 km (760 mi)", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": " Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " Rhin", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " *R\u012bnaz", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " *R\u012bnaz", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " Rijn", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " Rijn", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": " 1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": " Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": " Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": " canalisation projects", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": " 1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": " Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": " Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": " number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "0 km", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " north", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": " 86 km", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " Sargans", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " near Chur", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": " 86 km", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " 599 m to 396 m", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Rhine Valley", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " Liechtenstein", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": " Sargans", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": " Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": " Alter Rhein", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": " a modern canalized section", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": " modern canalized section", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": " Alter Rhein", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " small islands", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "The mouth of the Rhine", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " strong sedimentation", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": " Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": " near Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " Dornbirner Ach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " continuous input of sediment", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": " three", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": " Seerhein", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": " Swiss-Austrian", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": " three", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": " the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": " three", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " greater density of cold water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": " Lindau", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": " Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " the water level", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": " Rhine water", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " westward", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": " Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": " nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Basel", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": " westward", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": " Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": " nearly 1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Finsteraarhorn", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " German-Swiss", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": " Aare", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": " Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": " the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": " 300 km", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": " 40 km", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": " Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " High Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": " Central Bridge", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "Rhine knee", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": " 19th", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " increased", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " fell significantly", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": " huge", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " Upper Rhine", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": " 19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " increased", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " 300 m3/s", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " the Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": " 400 m", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " Dutch", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": " 2,290 m3/s", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": " erosion", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " the Middle Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " many castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " industry", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " along the Lower Rhine", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": " drinking water", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Lower Rhine", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " Switzerland", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " The Ruhr", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " the Middle Rhine Valley", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": " tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " Lorelei", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": " Lorelei", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": " on the narrow river banks", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " Wesel-Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " the Lippe", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " 400 m", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": " Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": " Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Rijn", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Meuse", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " Nederrijn", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": " the Lek", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": " Wijk bij Duurstede", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": " Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": " the Lek", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": " Wijk bij Duurstede", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " draining the surrounding land and polders", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " Kromme Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Bent Rhine", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " Oude Rijn", + "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " near Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": " the Scheldt", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " Nederrijn", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " three", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " Waal", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": " St. Elizabeth's flood", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": " just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": " From 1421 to 1904", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "1421", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": " drainage channels", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": " Delta Works", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": " second half of the 20th Century", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": " tidal", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": " strong tidal currents could tear huge areas of land into the sea", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": " Zaltbommel", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " Tethys", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " Triassic Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Jurassic Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": " Mediterranean geography", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " Iberia", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " N\u2013S", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " Miocene", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Danube", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Pliocene", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " the Vosges Mountains", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": " Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": " six", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " northwest", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " offshore of Brest, France", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "Around 2.5 million years ago (ending 11,600 years ago)", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "~11,600 BP)", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " west", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": " 29,000\u201324,000 BP", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": " 120 m (390 ft)", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " a glacier", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " A tundra", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " ice-sheets", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " loess", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": " a glacier", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": " 22,000 years ago", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " thaw", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " the Rhine", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": " 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": " 9000 BP", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": " 7500 yr ago", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": " 1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": " Late-Glacial valley", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "~8,000 years ago", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": " ~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present)", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": " sediment load", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": " flooding", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " approximately 80", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": " 11\u201313th century AD", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": " ~3000 yr BP", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " Meuse estuary", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " to the north", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " IJsselmeer", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " three", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": " 1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Germania", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": " 6th century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Herodotus", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "8.727", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " AD 14", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " upper Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " the empire fell", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " eastwards", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": " Frankfurt", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": " Germanic populations", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": " whether a state or threat of war existed", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": " oppidum Ubiorum", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "town of the Ubii", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": " two", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": " Galatian", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": " the Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": " kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Siegfried", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " Hagen", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": " Kriemhild's golden treasure", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": " 6th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": " 10th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " Lower Lorraine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigismund of Austria", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": " 1469", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": " 6th century", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " the Peace of Westphalia", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " Establishing \"natural borders", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Napoleon", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": " 1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": " 1840", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": " 1930", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " the German army", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": " helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": " 1936", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " a formidable natural obstacle to the invasion of Germany, by the Western Allies", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " the Ludendorff Bridge", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " Seven Days to the River Rhine", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": " World War II", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": " 1944", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": " 1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " typographical error", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": " 2010", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": " 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " the areas in which it can make laws", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " Westminster", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " the lack of a Parliament of Scotland", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " three", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": " due to the outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": " late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": " a directly elected Scottish Assembly", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " North Sea", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": " \"It's Scotland's oil\" campaign", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " not benefitting Scotland as much as they should", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": " 1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": " 1978", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " Edinburgh", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": " 40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " failed", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": " 51.6%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": " 32.9%", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " Scottish Parliament", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": " 1989", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " blueprint for devolution", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " Holyrood area of Edinburgh", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Spanish", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " leaf-shaped", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " Queen Elizabeth II", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": " Garden Lobby", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " in the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " the meeting of the Church's General Assembly", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": " University of Aberdeen", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " demolished", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " the main hall", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " one MSP", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " Tricia Marwick", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " secret", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " 129", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " A vote clerk", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " the Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " five or more", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " The Presiding Officer", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": " in a hemicycle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " desire to encourage consensus amongst elected members", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": " 131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": " 129", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " vote", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " the Queen", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " a glass case suspended from the lid", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " April", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " in the debating chamber", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " the public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": " free", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " the Official Report", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " Wednesdays", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " up to four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " the Presiding Officer", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " nominate speakers", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " who speaks in chamber debates and the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": " ministers or party leaders", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " Gaelic", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": " 5 pm", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": " vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " by means of electronic consoles on their desks", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": " seconds", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": " political parties", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": " MSPs", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": " moral", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": " 45 minutes", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " may be of interest to a particular area", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " other members", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "winds up\" the debate", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": " Members Business", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " in committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " stronger", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " no revising chamber", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " conduct inquiries", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " other locations throughout Scotland.", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": " MSPs", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " their functions", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": " the fourth Session", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " at the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " one (or more)", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": " Subject Committees", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "A further type of committee", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": " large-scale development projects", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Private Bill Committees", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " Queen Elizabeth II", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " devolved competencies", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " the Parliament", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " Schedule 5", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " All matters that are not specifically reserved", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " 2012 Act", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": " Westminster", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " the Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " an outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " in a number of stages", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": " the first, or introductory stage", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " in the relevant committee or committees", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " Stage 2", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " two", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": " a final", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": " Decision Time", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " the Monarch", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " 4-week", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": " \"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]\"", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " First Minister", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": " Any member", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " elected MSPs", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " the Sovereign", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": " first Thursday", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": " May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " 28", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " they supplant it", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " MSPs", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " the substance of the statement", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": " Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": " any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": " issues under their jurisdiction", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " four", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": " Opposition leaders", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": " 129", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": " one", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": " 2005", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": " 55,000", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": " dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": " proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": " constituency seats", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": " iteratively", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": " 1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": " parliamentary majority", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": " Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " 151 votes", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " eight", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": " Scottish independence", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": " 16", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " Edinburgh Pentlands", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " five seats", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " Annabel Goldie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " are able to vote on domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " the West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " Conservative", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " all spheres", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " reordering", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " two poles", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " revolution or invasion", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " democratic", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Palestine", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " abolish the state of Israel", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": " democracy", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": " religious", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "vanguard of change and Islamic reform\" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\"", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": " democracy", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " to maintain their legitimacy", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": " political", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": " illiberal Islamic regimes", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " religion from politics", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": " illiberal Islamic regimes", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " Islamism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": " Americans", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": " a historical fluke", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": " between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": " quietist/non-political Islam", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": " 1970s", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": " dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": " mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": " leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " making peace", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": " emergence of the Islamist movement", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": " 1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": " political support", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": " not before Islamists came to completely dominate university student unions", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": " political support", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": " \"hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": " wars", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": " Saudi-interpretation", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": " housing", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": " to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": " incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": " rhetoric", + "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": " 1908", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " Indian National Congress", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": " 1908", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " crowd out", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": " nationalist differences", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": " 1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " the Pakistan movement", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": " journalism", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": " 1941", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": " journalism", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": " through his writing", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": " modern context", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": " 1972", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": " Sharia", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": " Islamic", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": " educational process or da'wah", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": " 1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": " Ismailiyah, Egypt", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": " Hassan al Banna", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": " imperialist", + "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", + "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " violence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": " 1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": " 1948", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": " Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": " one of the most influential movements", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": " field candidates", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": " 75%", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": " Mohamed Morsi", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "semi-legal", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": " field candidates", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": " 75%", + "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " decisive", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " a pivotal event", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " economic", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " decline", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": " decisive", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": " economic", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": " popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": " Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": " ideological", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": " somewhere", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": " Prophet Mohammad", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": " conspiracy against Islam", + "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": " economic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": " Shia terrorist groups", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": " 2006", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": " President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": " President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " Soviet Union", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " Islamic rebellion", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " send aid", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": " marginal", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": " 16,000 to 35,000", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": " Islamic rebellion", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": " marginal", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": " Saddam Hussein", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " Islamist groups", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": " Saudi monarchy", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " the west", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": " radicalize the Islamist movement", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " the kingdom", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " domestic Islamists who attacked it", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " Osama bin Laden", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " Qutb", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": " 1966", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " Fringe or splinter movements", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": " 1970s", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": " Egyptian Islamic Jihad", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": " 1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "apostate\" leaders of Muslim states", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": " secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": " Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " violence", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " unsuccessful", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": " 2003", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " political figures", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "quiescent", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " HAMAS", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " alcohol", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": " alcohol", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": " 542", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": " majority of the seats", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": " 2007", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": " driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Islamist", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " National Islamic Front", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " with money from foreign Islamist banking systems", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " university and military academy", + "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": " Islamist", + "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", + "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", + "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": " 1985", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " with the help of the military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " Front Islamique de Salut", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": " 1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " a military coup d'\u00e9tat", + "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": " Front Islamique de Salut (the Islamic Salvation Front", + "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": " Algeria", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": " 1989", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " justice and prosperity", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " vicious and destructive", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " Afghanistan one of the poorest countries on earth", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": " 1992", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": " 80%", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": " Pakistan", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": " Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs\" under the label of Sharia", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " Wahhabism, and the extremist jihadism of their guest Osama bin Laden", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " July 1977", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " alcohol and nightclubs", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " Islamism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " his means of seizing power", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " 1988", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " Sunni Arabs", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " a caliphate", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " ten million", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": " recognition", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " 2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": " March 2003", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": " March 2011", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " a different view", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": " 1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " true Islamic", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924. This is believed to have ended the true Islamic system", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": " armed", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "ideological struggle", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": " Muslim", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " Egypt", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": " terrorist groups", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": " Egypt", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " over 900,000", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " Islamist", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": " 2007", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " Londonistan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " incitement to terrorism", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": " since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": " State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": " Christian Whiton", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": " Defense Secretary", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": " undermining the communist ideology", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " Latin", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": " colonization, use of military force, or other means", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": " Japanese", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": " technologies and ideas", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": " Latin", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": " 19th", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": " influence", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "othering", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "", + "57306797396df919000960ee": " uneven", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "informal", + "57306797396df919000960f0": " aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "informal", + "57306797396df919000960f2": " technological superiority", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": " Informal", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", + "573081c2069b531400832133": " distinction of an empire", + "573081c2069b531400832134": " world systems theory", + "573081c2069b531400832135": " Lenin", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "", + "573081c2069b531400832137": " seaborne", + "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": " political focus", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "", + "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "colonialism", + "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": " colonialism", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " taking physical control of another", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": " by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": " the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": " the defense and justification of empire-building", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": " the races of highest 'social efficiency'", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": " imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "white", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "", + "573088da069b53140083216b": " Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": " Britain", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political", + "573088da069b53140083216e": " expansion was necessary for a state\u2019s survival", + "573088da069b53140083216f": " served as a space for travellers to share these stories", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": " Germany", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": " Britain", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": "", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": " environmental determinism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": " temperate", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": " Orientalism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " uncivilized", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " the superior and the norm", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": " British Empire", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": " Roman", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": " terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": " eighteenth century", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " imaginative geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " irrational and backward", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": " a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " discourse of Orientalism", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": " analysis of the role of nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": " denote unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": " nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": " nineteenth-century maps", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": " Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " pre-Columbian era", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " Sub-Saharan Africa", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " dozens", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " its soft power", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": " Dallas", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " Roman", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": " bans on foreign popular culture", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", + "57309446396df919000961b8": " around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": " colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", + "57309446396df919000961ba": " thousands", + "57309446396df919000961bb": " middle of the 20th century", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": " middle of the 20th century", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": " around 1700", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": " historians", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": " the world's economy", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": " many imperial powers", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " economic growth", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " colonies", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " mid-18th century", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " Mughal state", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " communication", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " deadly explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " arrows, swords, and leather shields", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " British", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " late 1870s", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": " philanthropy", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": " need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": " late 19th century", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": " aristocracy", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": " before World War I", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": " 1950s", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": " by removing its economic foundation", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": " environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " the environment in which they lived", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " orientalism and tropicality", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": " Africa", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " geographic scholars under colonizing empires", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " guidance and intervention", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " orientalism", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " colonizing empires", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": " sixteenth century", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": " 1599", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": " Queen Elizabeth", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": " bankruptcy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": " Portuguese", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": " bankruptcy", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": " Portuguese", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": " 1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": " after 1850", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " North and West Africa, as well as South-East Asia", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " Catholicism", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": " after 1850", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "", + "5730a951069b531400832213": " civilize the inferior", + "5730a951069b531400832214": " Full citizenship rights", + "5730a951069b531400832215": " France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies", + "5730a951069b531400832216": " Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832217": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " anti-colonial movements", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": " they won the war in Algeria", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": " 1960", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": " anti-colonial movements", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": " Scandinavia and northern Europe", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": " middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": " late antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": " Muslim Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": " central Europe", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": " Muslim Iberia", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " late 19th century", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " Europe itself", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " Napoleon", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": " late 19th century", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "90", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " German prestige", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " German New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": " 1884", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Hamburg merchants and traders", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": " German New Guinea", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": " 1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " Manchuria", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " Thailand", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": "", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": " 1932", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": "", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": " Eastern Europe", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": "", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism in one country'", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " Mao Zedong", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": " mercantilism", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": " 1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": " 1820", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": " free trade", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": " 1815", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": " 1820", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " British Empire", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " pseudo", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " the Middle East", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " The British Empire", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": " pseudo-sciences", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": " Monroe Doctrine", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": " interventionism", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " a war erupted in the Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "racket", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": " 1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world'", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " geographer", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " internal strife", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": " 12 to 15 million", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " the contemporary Orient", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": " 1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " Suleiman the Magnificent", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": " 32", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": " 16th and 17th centuries", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": " 1299", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": " the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " Istanbul", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Turkey", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": " Germany", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " Vistula River", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": " 260 kilometres (160 mi", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": " 2.666 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " 9th", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": " Warszawa", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "Warsaw", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": " Vistula River", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": " 1.740 million", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": " 9th", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " Economist Intelligence Unit", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": " 2012", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": " Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": " Frontex", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": " manufacturing", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": " Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": " Frontex", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": " 1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " Krak\u00f3w", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": " 1596", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": " 1795", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": " King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": " Roman Catholic", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": " Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " architectural", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": " luxurious parks and royal gardens", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": " Roman Catholic", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": " UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": " luxurious parks and royal gardens", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": " Polish Academy of Sciences", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": " architectural", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": " Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": " a 12th/13th-century nobleman", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": " a village", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": " miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "belonging to Warsz", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": " the Vr\u0161ovci family which had escaped to Poland", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": " Warsz", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": " Warszawa", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": " Jazd\u00f3w", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": " The Prince of P\u0142ock", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": " 1300", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": " 1413", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": " 1526", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": " Prince of P\u0142ock", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": " 1300", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": " Jazd\u00f3w", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": " 1413", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": " 1526", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": " General Sejm", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": " 1569", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": " religious freedom", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": " central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Krak\u00f3w and Vilnius", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": " 1596", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "", + "57332a734776f41900660726": " until 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660727": " Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": " Napoleon", + "57332a734776f41900660729": " Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": " 1816", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": " Kingdom of Prussia", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": " Napoleon", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": " until 1796", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": " from 4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " areas controlled by Russia", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Pi\u0142sudski", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " 1920", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Red Army", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": " Pi\u0142sudski", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": " Red Army", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": " 1 September 1939", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " German Nazi colonial administration", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": " 30%", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": " 19 April 1943", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": " almost a month", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": " 30%", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": " 19 April 1943", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": " almost a month", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " Red Army", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": " 1 August 1944", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": " 63", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " between 150,000 and 200,000", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": " the Red Army", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": " 1 August 1944", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": " 63", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": " between 150,000 and 200,000", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " prefabricated", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": " Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Palace of Culture and Science", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " UNESCO's World Heritage list", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "Bricks for Warsaw\" campaign", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": " prefabricated", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": " Eastern Bloc city", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": " Palace of Culture and Science", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": " UNESCO's World Heritage list", + "573330444776f41900660758": "", + "573330444776f41900660759": " solidarity movement", + "573330444776f4190066075a": " less than a year", + "573330444776f4190066075b": " Victory Square", + "573330444776f4190066075c": " the incentive for the democratic changes", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": " 300", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": " Vistula River", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": " 115.7 metres", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "at the right bank of the Vistula", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": " 300", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "325", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": " Vistula River", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": " 115.7 metres", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "at the right bank of the Vistula", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " two", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": " Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " The Vistula River", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " moraine", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " Warsaw Escarpment", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": " two", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": " The Vistula River", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": " Warsaw Escarpment", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": " moraine", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": " plain moraine", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " former flooded terraces", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " valleys and ground depressions", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " the highest terrace", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": " the highest terrace", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": " During the Second World War", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": " After liberation", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " Eastern bloc countries", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": " After liberation", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": " turbulent history of the city and country", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": " Second World War", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": " Eastern bloc countries", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", + "573361404776f4190066093e": " Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": " Renaissance", + "573361404776f41900660940": " mannerist architecture", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "1562", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": " Renaissance", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "", + "573362b94776f41900660974": " 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", + "573362b94776f41900660976": "", + "573362b94776f41900660977": " neoclassical architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660978": " 1775\u20131795", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "1825\u20131828", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " bourgeois", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " not restored by the communist authorities after the war", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": " socialist realism", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": " Warsaw University of Technology", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": " most distinctive buildings", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": " socialist realism", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": " distinctive buildings", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": " bourgeois", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": " were not restored by the communist authorities after the war", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom and the museum", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " The Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": " the statue of Little Insurgent", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": " Pawiak", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": " Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": " 100", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " east end", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " \u0141azienki Park", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": " \u0141azienki Park", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": " east end", + "573368044776f41900660a29": " green spaces", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": " New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": " Pole Mokotowskie (a big park in the northern Mokot\u00f3w", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": " Park Ujazdowski", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": " 1927", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": " 1927", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": " green spaces", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": " New Orangery", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": " location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": " within the borders of Warsaw", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": " Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Kabaty Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": " two", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": " two", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": " location of Warsaw within the border region of several big floral regions", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": " Masovian Primeval Forest", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": " Kabaty Forest", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": " 13", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": " 15 kilometres", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": " several", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " to clean them of plants and sediments", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": " 13", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": " 15 kilometres", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": " otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": " to clean them of plants and sediments", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": " foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " Jewish", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": " 34%", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": " 833,500", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " internal migration and urbanisation", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": " Jewish", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": " internal migration and urbanisation", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": " 34%", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": " 1,300,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": " 420,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": " better only because they lived in the capital", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": " residency registration", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": " 1,300,000", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": " 420,000", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "1951", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": " residency registration", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " multi-cultural", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": " 711,988", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": " 56.2%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": " 2.8%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": " 1944", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": " 56.2%", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": " 2.8%", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": " 1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " a commune", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " counties or powiats", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": " commune", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": " counties or powiats", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": " Krak\u00f3w", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": " a unicameral Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": " 60", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": " every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": " committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": " 30", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": " Warsaw City Council", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": " 60", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": " every four years", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": " committees", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": " 30", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": " President", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": " Jan Andrzej Menich", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1695\u20131696", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": " City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": " Centrum", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": " Jan Andrzej Menich", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": " 1994\u20131999", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": " City council", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": " 304,016", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": " emerging market", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": " 12%", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": " 191.766 billion PLN", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": " emerging market", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": " 12%", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": " 191.766 billion PLN", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": " 1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": " World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": " April 1991", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": " 374", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": " Polish United Workers' Party", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": " World War II", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": " 2000", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": " 374", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": " Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR)", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": " 1951", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " AvtoZAZ", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " Chevrolet Aveo", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": " 1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": " Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": " 2,000", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " Medical University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": " Medical University of Warsaw", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": " Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": " 1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " over two million", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " Irena Bajerska", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft)", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": " infrastructure", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": " the initial Three-Year Plan", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": " solid economic growth", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": " improved markedly", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": " infrastructure", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": " infrastructure", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": " solid economic growth, an increase in foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": " improved markedly", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": " over the past decade", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Warsaw", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI)", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": " 700", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": " developed", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": " 700", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": " developed", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": " musical", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " events and festivals", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " the Palace of Culture and Science", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Warsaw", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " events and festivals", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": " musical", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": " International Contemporary Music Festival", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": " events and festivals", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": " from 1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": " Momus", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": " Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " Wianki", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " thousands", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": " Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " when they would be married", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " fern", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": " Wianki (Polish for Wreaths", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": " thousands", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": " Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": " fern", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": " 60", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " a collection of works whose origin ranges in time from antiquity till the present epoch as well as one of the best collections of paintings in the country", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " paintings", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " arms", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " stereoscopic", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": " The Museum of Independence", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": " 60", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": " Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": " Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": " stereoscopic theatre", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": " The Museum of Independence", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": " 500", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " modern art by Polish and international artists", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": " last weekend of September", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": " Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": " Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": " Polish and international artists", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": " September", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": " 1946", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " twice", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Konwiktorska Street", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " their disastrous financial situation", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": " Polonia Warsaw", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": " 1946", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": " twice", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": " mid-14th century", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " 1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " a sword", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": " mermaid", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "Seal of the city of Warsaw", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": " mid-14th century", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": " sword", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " the depths of the oceans and seas", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": " Denmark", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": " Warszowa", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": " captured", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": " on the coast of Denmark", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": " Warszowa", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " the Nobel Prize", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " musicians", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": " seven months", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": " 1745", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": " Nobel Prize", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": " Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": " seven months", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Warsaw", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": " 1916", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Art Deco style", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": " poet", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": " Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": " Warsaw", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": " 1916", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": " composer, lyricist, and pianist", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": " Nathan Alterman", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": " the colonies of British America and New France", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": " 60,000", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": " 2 million", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": " Native American allies", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " May 1754", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " 1755", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " a disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": " a disaster", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " William Pitt", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": " limited forces it had in New France", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " European theatre of the war", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " Sainte Foy in Quebec", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": " France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": " French Louisiana", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": " Anglo-French conflict", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": " French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": " 1740s", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " Indians fought on both sides of the conflict", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " six years", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": " 1760", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " Battle of Jumonville Glen", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": " from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": " 75,000", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " Illinois Country", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": " throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": " 20 to 1", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " along the eastern coast of the continent", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " along the coast", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " native tribes", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Iroquois rule", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Catawba", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " western portions of the Great Lakes region", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " Iroquois Six Nations", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": " no French regular army troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": " few British troops", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " 3,000 miles (4,800 km)", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": " 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " Whenever he encountered British merchants or fur-traders, C\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave.", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": " informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": " 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " Pickawillany", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": " ignored the warning", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": " very badly disposed towards the French", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": " British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": " 1749", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " the Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " Christopher Gist", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " Treaty of Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " at the mouth of the Monongahela River", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " King George's War", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " 1748", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": " conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": " conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": " 300 men", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " Fort Presque Isle", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " Tanaghrisson", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": " Fort Le Boeuf", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": " Fort Presque Isle", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": " Superintendent for Indian Affairs", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": " Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": " colonel", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": " Mohawk Chief Hendrick", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": " colonel of the Western New York Militia", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": " colonel", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Ohio Company", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": " Major George Washington", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " Jacob Van Braam", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " December 12", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": " Ohio Company", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " Saint-Pierre said, \"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": " Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": " Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pecaudy de Contrec\u0153ur to relieve Saint-Pierre", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": " 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": " Fort Duquesne", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " surprised the Canadians", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " Joseph Coulon de Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " promised support to the British", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " dislodge the French", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " well before Braddock's departure for North America", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " dispatched six regiments to New France", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " blockade French ports", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": " to dislodge the French", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": " The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": " disaster", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": " Approximately 1,000", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": " Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": " logistical difficulties", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": " garrisons", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": " Marquis de Vaudreuil", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Johnson", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " Ticonderoga Point", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": " Ticonderoga Point", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": " Ticonderoga Point", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " land-based reinforcements", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " campaigns to expel the Acadians", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " William Shirley", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Albany in December 1755", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " Fort Frontenac", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " Maine district", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Major General James Abercrombie", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " May 18, 1756", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": " Oneida Carry", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": " 45,000 pounds", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " campaigns on Lake Ontario", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " Abercrombie", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " Oswego", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " disposition of prisoners' personal effects", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": " Ticonderoga", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": " Abercrombie", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": " Oswego", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " to distract Montcalm", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " William Pitt", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " returned to New York", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": " William Pitt", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "French irregular forces", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " Lake George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " attacked the British column", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": " Lake George", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": " Lake George", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": " attacked the British column", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": " British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": " the allegedly corrupt machinations of Fran\u00e7ois Bigot", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": " Carillon, Quebec, and Louisbourg", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": " St. Lawrence", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": " British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " three major offensive actions", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " Two", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", + "573403394776f419006616dd": " 3,600", + "573403394776f419006616de": "", + "573403394776f419006616df": " destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "573403394776f419006616e0": " 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": " destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": " 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " an invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": " The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": " Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": " focus on an invasion of Britain", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": " The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": " The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " James Wolfe", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " Battle of Sainte-Foy", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " Battle of the Restigouche", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": " James Wolfe", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " Governor Vaudreuil", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " General Amherst", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": " medical treatment", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": " General Amherst", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": " 10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": " 15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": " cede the former", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": " 80,000", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": " 1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": " North American provinces", + "57340a094776f41900661780": " New Orleans", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " King George III", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " division and administration of the newly conquered territory", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " west of the Appalachian Mountains", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": "", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": " construction of military roads", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": " 1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": " Spanish Catholic population", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": " Cuba", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " force", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " fundamental error", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " nearly three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": " Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " gauge bosons", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " four", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " on the ground", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " unnatural", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": " 17th century", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": " Galileo Galilei", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " curving parabolic", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " the vehicle and everything inside of it is at rest", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " Inertia", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": " the person", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": " the vehicle that is at rest or the outside world that is at rest", + "573749741c4567190057445d": " inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": " rotational inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": " Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": "", + "573749741c45671900574461": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574468": " kinematic", + "573750f61c45671900574469": " General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": " kinematic measurements", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": " The third law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " unidirectional force", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": " F and \u2212F are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction", + "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "", + "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "", + "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " the center of mass", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " closed", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " the mass of the system", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", + "573766251c45671900574471": " an intuitive understanding", + "573766251c45671900574472": " precise operational definitions", + "573766251c45671900574473": " Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": " Through experimentation", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": " scalar quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " Associating forces with vectors", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": " ambiguous", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " impossible", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " static equilibrium", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " magnitude and direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " the net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " their respective lines of application must also be specified", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " parallelogram", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " two", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " the original force", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": " static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": " static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " no acceleration", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " applied force", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": " a situation where the object does not move", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": " does not", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " forces", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " the object's weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " force of gravity", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Isaac Newton", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": " Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " rest", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": " Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " behind the foot of the mast", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " dynamic equilibrium", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " Aristotle", + "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": " Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": " Newtonian", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": " classical position variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": " physics", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": " Pauli principle", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " mathematical by-product", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": " force", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": " Feynman diagrams", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " straight", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " strong and weak forces", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " electromagnetic force", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " Pauli exclusion principle", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": " four", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": " 20th century", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " self-consistent unification models", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": " Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": " Galileo", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": "", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": " sea level", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": " at larger distances", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": " the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": " the same force of gravity", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " a dimensional constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " Henry Cavendish", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": " 1798", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " Newton", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": " Mercury", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": " theory of general relativity", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Albert Einstein", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": " Albert Einstein", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": " general relativity", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": " straight line path", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": " global sense", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " electric current", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " the electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field)", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": " Lorentz's Law", + "57378e311c456719005744af": " James Clerk Maxwell", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": " 1864", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": " 20", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": " 4", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " electromagnetic theory", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " quantum mechanics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " photons", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " quantum electrodynamics", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": " electromagnetism", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " repulsion of like charges", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " energy", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " as a structural force", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": " elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": " a residual of the force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " color confinement", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": " 1013", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": " 1015 kelvins", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": " normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": " fermionic nature of electrons", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": " ideal strings", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": " ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " action-reaction pairs", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": " conservation of mechanical energy", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": " connecting the same string multiple times to the same object", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": " extended fluids", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " stress-tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": " rotation", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " unbalanced torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": " Newton's Second Law of Motion", + "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "", + "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": " angular velocity", + "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "", + "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": " First Law of Motion", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " toward the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " perpendicular", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " radial (centripetal) force", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": " radial", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " tangential force", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " mechanical energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " the difference in potential energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " forces", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " Nonconservative forces", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": " Second law of thermodynamics", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": " entropy increases", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " pound-force", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": " kilopond", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " kilogram-force", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " kip", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" +}