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  ## Dataset Summary
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- **CliReNER *gold*** is a high-fidelity, expert-curated Named Entity Recognition (NER) dataset for the climate change research domain. Designed specifically as a gold-standard evaluation benchmark, it consists of 192 sentences annotated by a panel of 12 domain experts.
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- While the [*silver*](https://huggingface.co/datasets/P0L3/CliReNER_v_1_1_28_SILVER) version of this dataset is intended for model training, **CliReNER *gold*** serves as the authoritative ground truth for assessing model performance, ensuring high inter-annotator agreement and consensus through Weighted Expert Voting (WEV).
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  ## Dataset Structure
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  ### Data Instances
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- Instances are provided in the standard BIO format, consistent with the CliReNER Silver schema to ensure seamless model evaluation.
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  ```python
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  {
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  - **Source Data:** Sentences were selected from the same corpus as the *silver* dataset using a multi-set multi-cover formulation to ensure that, where possible, each of the 28 entity types appears at least 50 times across the set.
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  - **Expert Annotation Protocol:** We recruited 12 experts organized into six thematic pairs (e.g., "Biochemistry, ecology and pathology", "Atmospheric science and geophysics"). Annotators were assigned specific clusters of entity types matching their academic expertise.
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- - **Consensus Methodology (Weighted Expert Voting):** To resolve overlapping annotations from multiple experts, we applied a **Weighted Expert Voting (WEV)** scheme. Annotations from experts with domain-specific knowledge were weighted higher (W*e* = 1.1) than non-experts (W*n* = 0.9), with a deterministic two-stage voting process to resolve BIO boundary conflicts.
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- - **Agreement:** The final inter-annotator agreement among the 12 experts resulted in a Krippendorff's $\alpha$ of 0.6984. The WEV aggregation method showed high convergence with MACE probabilistic models (Cohen's $\kappa$ = 0.9076).
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  ## Limitations
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- - **Dataset Size:** As a high-fidelity evaluation set, the sample size (192 sentences) is smaller than the Silver training set. It is primarily intended for evaluation rather than training.
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- - **Flat Schema:** Like the Silver dataset, this follows a flat NER schema, meaning nested and discontinuous entities are excluded to prioritize consistency and reduce complexity.
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  ## Usage
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- You can load the Gold dataset for evaluation:
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  ```python
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  from datasets import load_dataset
 
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  ## Dataset Summary
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+ **CliReNER<sub>gold</sub>** is a high-fidelity, expert-curated Named Entity Recognition (NER) dataset for the climate change research domain. Designed specifically as a gold-standard evaluation benchmark, it consists of 192 sentences annotated by a panel of 12 domain experts.
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+ While the [*silver*](https://huggingface.co/datasets/P0L3/CliReNER_v_1_1_28_SILVER) version of this dataset is intended for model training, **CliReNER<sub>gold</sub>** serves as the authoritative ground truth for assessing model performance, ensuring high inter-annotator agreement and consensus through Weighted Expert Voting (WEV).
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  ## Dataset Structure
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  ### Data Instances
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+ Instances are provided in the standard BIO format, consistent with the CliReNER<sub>silver</sub> schema to ensure seamless model evaluation.
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  ```python
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  {
 
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  - **Source Data:** Sentences were selected from the same corpus as the *silver* dataset using a multi-set multi-cover formulation to ensure that, where possible, each of the 28 entity types appears at least 50 times across the set.
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  - **Expert Annotation Protocol:** We recruited 12 experts organized into six thematic pairs (e.g., "Biochemistry, ecology and pathology", "Atmospheric science and geophysics"). Annotators were assigned specific clusters of entity types matching their academic expertise.
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+ - **Consensus Methodology (Weighted Expert Voting):** To resolve overlapping annotations from multiple experts, we applied a **Weighted Expert Voting (WEV)** scheme. Annotations from experts with domain-specific knowledge were weighted higher (w<sub>e</sub> = 1.1) than non-experts (w<sub>n</sub> = 0.9), with a deterministic two-stage voting process to resolve BIO boundary conflicts.
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+ - **Agreement:** The final inter-annotator agreement among the 12 experts resulted in a Krippendorff's α of 0.6984. The WEV aggregation method showed high convergence with MACE probabilistic models (Cohen's κ = 0.9076).
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  ## Limitations
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+ - **Dataset Size:** As a high-fidelity evaluation set, the sample size (192 sentences) is smaller than the *silver* training set. It is primarily intended for evaluation rather than training.
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+ - **Flat Schema:** Like the *silver* dataset, this follows a flat NER schema, meaning nested and discontinuous entities are excluded to prioritize consistency and reduce complexity.
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  ## Usage
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+ You can load the *gold* dataset for evaluation:
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  ```python
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  from datasets import load_dataset