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MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
13_Machine_Learning_for_Mammography.txt
ADAM YALA: OK, great. Well, thank you for the great setup. So for this section, I'm gonna talk about some of our work in interpreting mammograms for cancer. Specifically it's going to go into cancer detection and triage mammograms. Next, we'll talk about our technical approach in breast cancer risk. And then finally cl...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
16_Reinforcement_Learning_Part_1.txt
PROFESSOR: Hi, everyone. We're getting started now. So this week's lecture is really picking up where last week's left off. You may remember we spent the last week talking about cause inference. And I told you how, for last week, we're going to focus on a one-time setting. Well, as we know, lots of medicine has to do w...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
1_What_Makes_Healthcare_Unique.txt
[CLICK] DAVID SONTAG: So welcome to spring 2019 Machine Learning for Healthcare. My name is David Sontag. I'm a professor in computer science. Also I'm in the Institute for Medical Engineering and Science. My co-instructor today will be Pete Szolovits, who I'll introduce more towards the end of today's lecture, along w...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
5_Risk_Stratification_Part_2.txt
[CLICK] [SQUEAK] [PAGES RUSTLING] [MOUSE DOUBLE-CLICKS] PROFESSOR: So today we'll be continuing along the theme of risk stratification. I'll spend the first half to 2/3 of today's lecture continuing where we left off last week before the discussion. I'll talk about how does one derive the labels that one uses within a ...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
24_Robustness_to_Dataset_Shift.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID SONTAG: OK, so then today's lecture is going to be about data set shifts, specifically how one can be robust to data set shift. Now, this is the topic that we've been alluding to throughout the semester. And the setting that I want you to be thinking about is as follows. You're a...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
25_Interpretability.txt
PROFESSOR: OK, so the last topic for the class is interpretability. As you know, the modern machine learning models are justifiably reputed to be very difficult to understand. So if I give you something like the GPT2 model, which we talked about in natural language processing, and I tell you that it has 1.5 billion par...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
9_Translating_Technology_Into_the_Clinic.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: Fortunately, I have a guest today, Dr. Adam Wright, who will be doing an interview-style session and will answer questions for you. This is Adam's bread and butter, exactly how to translate this kind of technology into the clinic. He's currently in the partner system at the Brigham, I guess. But he's a...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
22_Regulation_of_Machine_Learning_Artificial_Intelligence_in_the_US.txt
PROFESSOR: All right. Let's get started. Welcome, ladies and gentlemen. Today it's my pleasure to introduce two guest speakers who will talk about the regulation of AI and machine learning and about both the federal FDA level regulation and about IRB issues of regulation within institutions. So the first speaker is And...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
18_Disease_Progression_Modeling_and_Subtyping_Part_1.txt
DAVID SONTAG: So we're done with our segment on causal inference and reinforcement learning. And for the next week, today and Tuesday's lecture, we'll be talking about disease progression modeling and disease subtyping. This is, from my perspective, a really exciting field. It's one which has really a richness of liter...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
8_Natural_Language_Processing_NLP_Part_2.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: All right. Let's get started. Good afternoon. So last time, I started talking about the use of natural language processing to process clinical data. And things went a little bit slowly. And so we didn't get through a lot of the material. I'm going to try to rush a bit more today. And as a result, I hav...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
10_Application_of_Machine_Learning_to_Cardiac_Imaging.txt
PROFESSOR: So welcome, everyone. Today is the first of what will be a series of four guest lectures throughout the semester. There will be two guest lectures, starting the week from today, and then there'll be another one towards the end of the semester. And what Pete and I decided to do is to bring in people who know ...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
3_Deep_Dive_Into_Clinical_Data.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: So last time we talked about what medicine does, and today I want to take a deep dive into medical data. And I'm going to use as examples a lot of stuff from the MIMIC database, which is one of the databases that we're going to be using in this class. Some of you are probably familiar with it, and some...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
17_Reinforcement_Learning_Part_2.txt
DAVID SONTAG: A three-part lecture today, and I'm still continuing on the theme of reinforcement learning. Part one, I'm going to be speaking, and I'll be following up on last week's discussion about causal inference and Tuesday's discussion on reinforcement learning. And I'll be going into sort of one more subtlety th...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
12_Machine_Learning_for_Pathology.txt
PROFESSOR: All right, everyone, so we are very happy to have Andy Beck as our invited speaker today. Andy has a very unique background. He's trained both as a computer scientist and as a clinician. His specialty is in pathology. When he was a student at Stanford, his thesis was on how one could use machine learning alg...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
4_Risk_Stratification_Part_1.txt
DAVID SONTAG: Today we'll be talking about risk stratification. After giving you a broad overview of what I mean by risk stratification, we'll give you a case study which you read about in your readings for today's lecture coming from early detection of type 2 diabetes. And I won't be, of course, repeating the same mat...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
14_Causal_Inference_Part_1.txt
DAVID SONTAG: So today's lecture is going to be about causality. Who's heard about causality before? Raise your hand. What's the number one thing that you hear about when thinking about causality? Yeah? AUDIENCE: Correlation does not imply causation. DAVID SONTAG: Correlation does not imply causation. Anything else com...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
21_Automating_Clinical_Work_Flows.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: So today's topic is workflow, and this is something that-- a topic that I didn't realize existed when I started working in this area, but I've had my nose ground and ground into it for many decades. And so finally, it has become obvious to me that it's something to pay attention to. So here's an intere...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
7_Natural_Language_Processing_NLP_Part_1.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: OK. So today and next Tuesday, we're talking about the role of natural language processing in machine learning in health care. And this is going to be a heterogeneous kind of presentation. Mainly today, I'm going to talk about stuff that happened or that takes advantage of methods that are not based on...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
15_Causal_Inference_Part_2.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID SONTAG: So today's lecture is going to continue on the lecture that you saw on Tuesday, which was introducing you to causal inference. So the causal inference setting, which we're studying in this course, is a really simplistic one from a causal graphs perspective. There are thre...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
20_Precision_Medicine.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: So today I'm going to talk about precision medicine. And we don't really have a very precise idea of what precision medicine is. And so I'm going to start by talking about that a little bit. David talked about disease subtyping. And if you think about how do you figure out what are the subtypes of a di...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
11_Differential_Diagnosis.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: OK. Today's topic is differential diagnosis. And so I'm just quoting Wikipedia here. Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. And differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features....
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
2_Overview_of_Clinical_Care.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: As David said, I've been at this for a long time. I am not a medical doctor. But I've probably learned enough medicine to be able to play one on television over the years. And actually, that's relevant to today's lecture because today's lecture is really trying to set the scene for you to say, well, wh...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
19_Disease_Progression_Modeling_and_Subtyping_Part_2.txt
PROFESSOR: So I'm going to begin by trying to build some intuition for how one might be able to do staging from cross-sectional data, and we'll return to this question of combined staging subtyping only much later. So imagine that we had data that lived in one dimension. Here, each data point is an individual, we obser...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
6_Physiological_TimeSeries.txt
DAVID SONTAG: So I'll begin today's lecture by giving a brief recap of risk stratification. We didn't get to finish talking survival modeling on Thursday, and so I'll go a little bit more into that, and I'll answer some of the questions that arose during our discussions and on Piazza since. And then the vast majority o...
MIT_6S897_Machine_Learning_for_Healthcare_Spring_2019
23_Fairness.txt
PETER SZOLOVITS: OK, so a little over a year ago, I got a call from this committee. NASEM is the National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. So this is an august body of old people with lots of gray hair who have done something important enough to get elected to these academies. And their research arm is ca...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_11_Energy_Based_Models.txt
So the plan for today is to talk about energy-based model. So it's going to be another family of generative models that is closely related to diffusion models, which is what we're going to talk about next. So as a recap, remember, this is the high level picture where which I think summarizes pretty well the design spac...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_10_GANs.txt
The plan for today is to continue talking about generative adversarial networks. As a recap, remember that the nice thing about generative adversarial networks is that it allows us to train models in a likelihood-free way, which basically means that you no longer have to choose kind of special architectures or factoriz...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_1_Introduction.txt
Welcome. Super excited to see so many people interested in deep generative models. So I'm Stefano. I'm the instructor of this class. I've been teaching this course for a few years now. I guess we started back when before all the generative AI hype and before this topic was so popular in the industry. And so now you're ...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_2_Background.txt
Welcome to lecture 2. The plan for today is to talk a little bit about what a generative model is. And we're going to see that we encounter the first challenge whenever we want to build a generative model of complex data sets like images, texts, which is the usual curse of dimensionality that you might have seen before...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_16_Score_Based_Diffusion_Models.txt
All right. So let's get started. Today, we're back talking about diffusion models. I think there's still a few things that we didn't get a chance to cover. So specifically, we're going to see how to think about score-based models as a diffusion model. And so where does that name come from and what's the relationship be...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_15_Evaluation_of_Generative_Models.txt
The plan for today is to talk about evaluation. So instead of talking about how to build new types of generative models, we're going to discuss how to actually evaluate how good they are. It's going to be-- it's kind of a challenging topic where there's not really a consensus on what's the right way to do it, but we'll...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_6_VAEs.txt
Let's get started. The plan for today is to finish up the variational autoencoder model, and so we'll talk about the ELBO again. We'll see how we can actually solve the corresponding optimization problem, and then we'll actually explain why this model is called the variational autoencoder. And so we'll show some connec...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_13_Score_Based_Models.txt
Today, we're going to start talking about score-based models or diffusion models, and we're going to see that, which is kind of like a state of the art class of generative models for images, video, speech, audio, a lot of different continuous data modalities, this is the way to go. And we'll see it's going to build on ...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_9_Normalizing_Flows.txt
So today, we're going to be talking about generative adversarial networks. So we're going to start introducing yet another class of generative models. Just as a recap, this is the high level story, high level roadmap for the kind of things. So we're going to be talking about in this course. The high level idea when you...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_7_Normalizing_Flows.txt
So the plan for today is to finish up the VAE slides that we didn't cover on Monday. And then we'll start talking about flow models, which are going to be yet another class of generative models with different sort of trade offs. So the thing that I really wanted to talk about is this interpretation of a variational aut...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_8_GANs.txt
The plan for today is to continue talking about normalizing flow models. So recall that in the last lecture, we've introduced this idea of building a latent variable model that will allow us to evaluate likelihoods exactly, so without having to rely on variational inference. And so it's going to be similar to a variati...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_3_Autoregressive_Models.txt
All right, so let's get started. The plan for today is to talk about autoregressive models, which is going to be the first type of or first family of generative models that we're going to consider in the class. This is the kind of technology behind large language models, things like ChatGPT. So yeah, just as a recap, r...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_5_VAEs.txt
The plan for today is to talk about latent variable models. So just as a recap, what we've seen so far is the first kind of family of generative models, the autoregressive ones, where the key idea is that we use chain rule to describe a joint probability distribution as a product of conditionals, and then we essentiall...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_17_Discrete_Latent_Variable_Models.txt
All right. OK. So I thought we could finish the lecture from last time and keep talking about diffusion models and some another lecture ready on training latent variable models with discrete variables, but I thought we didn't finish this. And there was quite a bit of interest that we can go through the remaining slides...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_14_Energy_Based_Models.txt
All right. So the plan for today is to  continue our discussion of score-based models, and we'll see how they are connected to  diffusion models. And we'll see some of the state-of-the-art stuff that currently  has been used to generate images, videos, some of the things we've seen in  the very first introductory lectu...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_18_Diffusion_Models_for_Discrete_Data.txt
All right, so we're ready to get started. Today, we're going to continue talking about diffusion models. But we're going to see how we can use diffusion models to model discrete data and, in particular, text. And we have a guest lecturer by Aaron, who is a PhD student in my lab. And he did some groundbreaking work in t...
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_12_Energy_Based_Models.txt
Cool. So the plan for today is to continue talking about energy-based models, which is going to provide a lot of the foundation also to discuss score-based models and diffusion models. Just as a recap, this is our usual slide providing an overview of all the different things we've been discussing in this course so far....
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Stefano_Ermon
Stanford_CS236_Deep_Generative_Models_I_2023_I_Lecture_4_Maximum_Likelihood_Learning.txt
All right, let's get started. So the plan for today is to finish up the material we didn't cover in the last lecture on autoregressive models, and then we'll talk about learning. So towards the end of the last lecture, we talked about RNNs as being another way to parameterize autoregressive models. And remember, the ke...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Unique_Aspects_of_the_Course.txt
LORNA GIBSON: So I think one of the special things about this course and about my kind of research on cellular materials is that I spend a fair amount of time talking about materials in nature. So I talk about wood, for instance, and what it is about the cellular structure that gives rise to the density dependence of w...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
8_Foams_Nonlinear_Elasticity.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: All right. And...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
9_Foams_Thermal_Properties.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at OCW.MIT.edu. PROFESSOR: So what I wanted ...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
11_Trabecular_Bone_and_Osteoporosis.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: So we're going...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
5_Honeycombs_Outofplane_Behavior.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: All right. I s...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Student_Project_Examples.txt
PROFESSOR: Another part of the course is that I also have a project in the course. And students do the projects in pairs. Partly, because I just think it's nice for them to have somebody to work with. And they've done a huge range of projects. I let them do whatever project they want. It has to have something to do wit...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
4_Honeycombs_Inplane_Behavior.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: OK, so it's fi...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
17_Sandwich_Panels.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: OK, so we sho...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Role_of_Images.txt
PROFESSOR: So there's a lot of images in the class, partly because we're studying these materials and you can see just with the ones sitting in front of me, they have this porous, cellular structure. So I show lots of images of materials. We also look at how the images deform under load. And I think, perhaps, that's so...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Faculty_Introduction_and_Background.txt
LORNA GIBSON: My name's Lorna Gibson. I'm the professor for 3.054, it's a course on cellular solids. And I've been working on cellular solids since I was a graduate student, since I did my Ph.D. And cellular solids are materials that are made up of an interconnected network of struts or plates. And there's examples lik...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Project_Logistics_and_Support.txt
PROFESSOR: So typically in the course we start off talking about the structure of these cellular materials. We do some modeling of honeycomb and foam type materials, and that takes not quite half the term, but most of the first part of the term anyway. And I give them more problem sets at the beginning of the term, and...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
10_Exam_Review.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: So I was just ...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
2_Processing_of_Cellular_Solids.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: I think, last ...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
12_Trabecular_Bone_Osteoporosis_and_Evolution.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: So last time w...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
18_Natural_Sandwich_Structures_Density_Gradients.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: All right, then, ...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
Lecture_Preparation.txt
LORNA GIBSON: So really the way I set up the lectures is I write out notes for myself of what I want to cover, and the notes are pretty detailed. And in the past I always just had the notes for me. And even though they were reasonably neat and I could read them, I didn't hand them out to the students. But because I've ...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
13_Tissue_Engineering_Scaffolds_Processing_and_Properties.txt
NARRATOR: The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: So l...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
6_Natural_Honeycombs_Wood.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: So I should pr...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
19_Biomimicking.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: All right, wel...
MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_and_Applications_Spring_2015
1_Introduction_and_Overview_MIT_3054_Cellular_Solids_Structure_Properties_Applications_S15.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. LORNA GIBSON: OK, so what we...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_3_Orthogonal_Vectors.txt
GILBERT STRANG: OK, ready for part three of this vision of linear algebra. So the key word in part three is orthogonal, which again means perpendicular. So we have perpendicular vectors. We can imagine those. We have something called orthogonal matrices. That's when-- I've got one here. An orthogonal matrix is when we ...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Five_Factorizations_of_a_Matrix.txt
GILBERT STRANG: So this lecture is, in a way, a whole linear algebra course created by highlighting five different ways that a matrix gets factored. By factored, I mean a factorization would be-- the first example will be a matrix A. Every matrix A factors into a matrix C and a matrix R, C times R. And I'll describe th...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_2_The_Big_Picture_of_Linear_Algebra.txt
GILBERT STRANG: OK, in this second part, I'm going to start with linear equations, A times x equal b. And you see actually, the first real good starting point is A times x equals 0. So are there any solutions to the matrix, any combinations of the columns that give 0, any solutions to A times x equals 0? Now, I'm multi...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_1_The_Column_Space_of_a_Matrix.txt
GILBERT STRANG: OK, here's the, well, the title slide. Since this year happened to be 2020, and that means clear vision, I thought I'd get that into the title of these slides. And then you've seen in these six pieces as a sort of look ahead, and I'm going to start on that first piece, A equals CR. That's the new way I ...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Intro_A_New_Way_to_Start_Linear_Algebra.txt
GILBERT STRANG: Well, I'm Gil Strang. And I'm very happy if you know the linear algebra videos on OpenCourseWare or on YouTube. That's for the math course 18.06. And I'm even happier if you like them. And I'm here today to update them for several reasons. Well, a lots happened in linear algebra in these years. Fortunat...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_4_Eigenvalues_and_Eigenvectors.txt
GILBERT STRANG: Moving now to the second half of linear algebra. It's about eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The first half, I just had a matrix. I solved equations. The second half, you'll see the point of eigenvalues and eigenvectors as a new way to look deeper into the matrix to see what's important there. OK, so what ...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_5_Singular_Values_and_Singular_Vectors.txt
GILBERT STRANG: OK, so I was speaking about eigenvalues and eigenvectors for a square matrix. And then I said for data for many other applications, the matrices are not square. We need something that replaces eigenvalues and eigenvectors. And what they are-- and it's perfect-- is singular values and singular vectors. S...
A_Vision_of_Linear_Algebra
Part_6_Finding_the_Nullspace_Solving_Ax_0_by_Elimination.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] GILBERT STRANG: OK, this is about finding the null space of a matrix A-- any matrix, square or rectangular. And what does that mean? That means, well, in algebra, we're solving the equation Ax equals 0. So A is our matrix, x is a vector that we're looking for, and Ax is a combination o...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
9_Large_N_Expansion_as_a_String_Theory_Part_II.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, let's start...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
1_Emergence_of_Gravity.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, let us sta...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
2_Classical_Black_Hole_Geometry.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK, let us st...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
19_Massdimension_Relation.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from 100 of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, good. So let me...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
16_Geometry_of_Dbranes_and_AdS_CFT_Conjecture.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality, educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK. Good. So...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
18_General_Aspects_of_the_Duality.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK. So last tim...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
12_String_Spectrum_and_Graviton.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Start by remin...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
7_Structure_of_Large_N_Expansion.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, let us star...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
14_Physics_of_Dbranes_Part_II.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: So last time, w...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
15_Physics_of_Dbranes_Part_III.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK let's start...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
11_String_Theory_in_the_Lightcone_Gauge.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: No, no minus s...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
5_Black_Hole_Thermodynamics.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, so let me f...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
4_Physical_Interpretation_of_Black_Hole_Temperature.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at [email protected]. PROFESSOR: OK, let us sta...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
23_Duality_at_a_Finite_Temperature_and_Finite_Chemical_Potential.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So last time w...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
8_Large_N_Expansion_as_a_String_Theory_Part_I.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality, educational resources for free. To make a donation, or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Good. So let...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
24_Holographic_Entanglement_Entropy.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: So first, do yo...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
20_Euclidean_Correlation_Functions_Twopoint_Functions.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: OK, let us star...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
10_Basics_of_String_Theory_and_Lightcone_Gauge.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: So let me first...
MIT_8821_String_Theory_and_Holographic_Duality_Fall_2014
17_More_on_AdS_CFT_Duality.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or to view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. HONG LIU: So let me first...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Next_Generation_NCLEX_News_A_CHANGE_Youll_LOVE_Lab_Values_for_NCLEX_Changes.txt
hey everyone it's Sarah with registered nurse rn.com and in this video I'm going to be talking about a new change that you're probably going to love that's going to be on the Next Generation NCLEX exam so in my previous video I talked about some big changes you could expect to see with the Next Generation NCLEX exam th...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
ROME_Method_ABGs_Arterial_Blood_Gases_Interpretation_Compensated_vs_Uncompensated_Nursing.txt
hey everyone it's sarah thread sterner sorry and calm and in this video we're going to review the ROE method to help you solve those abd problems for your exams and as always whenever you get done watching this YouTube video you can access the free quiz which will give you some more ABG practice so let's get started wh...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
2Point_Gait_Crutches_Walking_Pattern_Demonstration_Nursing_Skill_NCLEX.txt
hey everyone it's sarah thread sterner sorry and calm and today we're going to demonstrate how to do the two-point gate using crutches so the two point we're gonna have two points on the ground at a time whether it's a crutch or a foot so what does it look like well this is where the patient will move the crutch on the...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Lab_Values_Nursing_QUIZ_Which_one_is_ABNORMAL_shorts.txt
you're assessing your patient's morning lab work which lab value is abnormal and requires attention is it a potassium of 3.8 a calcium of 9 a sodium of 115 or a magnesium of two the answer is the sodium of 115. all the other lab values fall within normal range so here we're dealing with hyponatremia a normal sodium lev...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Stages_of_Cancer_Tumor_Staging_and_Grading_TNM_System_Nursing_NCLEX_Review.txt
hey everyone it's sarah with registerednessrn.com and in this video i'm going to be talking about tumor grading and staging for cancer and as always whenever you get done watching this youtube video you can access the free quiz that will test you on this content so let's get started cancer can be graded and staged howe...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Dosage_Calculations_Nursing_Practice_Problems_Comprehensive_NCLEX_Review.txt
hey everyone it's sarah with registerednessaurian.com and in this video i'm going to be going over a comprehensive dosage calculations review and what i'm going to be covering are all of these different types of calculations that you want to know as a nurse now whenever you're done watching this video you can access th...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
ACE_Inhibitors_vs_ARBs_Mechanism_of_Action_RAAS_Nursing_NCLEX_Pharmacology.txt
hey everyone its air threats Turner sorry end comm and today we're going to compare some medications we're going to look at ace inhibitors and ARBs and as always whenever you get done watching this YouTube video you can access the free quizzes that will test you on these two medications so let's get started in our prev...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Insulin_Drip_Calculations_mLhr_Infusion_Nursing_Practice_Problems_Dosage_Calculations_NCLEX.txt
hey everyone it's sarah with registerednessrn.com and in this video i'm going to be solving insulin drip calculations and as always whenever you get done watching this video you can access the free quiz that will give you more practice problems so let's get started the doctor has given us an order to start an insulin d...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Car_Seat_Safety_Teaching_Nursing_Care_Discharge_Pediatric_Maternity_Nurse_NCLEX_Review.txt
hey everyone it's sarah with registerednessrn.com and in this video i'm going to talk about car seat safety for your pediatric nursing classes and as always whenever you get done watching this youtube video you can access the free quiz that will test you on this content so let's get started as a nurse you play an impor...
NCLEX_Review_Lectures
Hypochloremia_and_Hyperchloremia_Nursing_NCLEX_Review_Fluid_Electrolytes.txt
hey everyone it's sarah with registerednessrn.com and in this video i'm going to cover hypo and hyperchloremia and whenever you get done watching this youtube video you can access the free quiz that will test you on this content so let's get started chloride is an electrolyte that actually has an important relationship...