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cometadata
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crossref-datacite-citations

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Feature Extraction
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datacite
crossref
citations
scholarly-communications
bibliometrics
doi
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Crossref DataCite Citations

A dataset of DataCite-registered works and the Crossref-registered works that cite them, extracted from Crossref reference metadata and confirmed against the DataCite monthly data file.

Dataset Description

Each record in the citation configurations is one DataCite DOI together with every confirmed citing work found in Crossref reference metadata. A reference is confirmed when it carries a DOI registered in DataCite, an arXiv identifier whose arXiv DOI is registered in DataCite, or a landing-page URL that is the registered URL of exactly one DataCite record.

Built from the Crossref Metadata Plus monthly snapshot 2026-07 and the DataCite monthly data file 2026-07 with crossref-citation-extraction version 2.2.0.

Provenance and Ambiguity Policy

  • publisher and crossref matches come from references whose structured DOI field holds the cited DOI with a doi-asserted-by value of publisher or crossref. Every other match is mined: a DOI, arXiv identifier, or registered landing-page URL found in the reference's DOI (without that assertion), URL, article-title, journal-title, or unstructured field.
  • A landing-page URL registered by more than one DataCite record never produces a citation. Such references are published separately in the ambiguous_urls configuration with every candidate DOI and are excluded from every citation count.
  • Counts are recomputed per configuration: a citing work appears in a configuration only with its matches of that configuration's provenances.

Dataset Configurations

Config Description Cited Works Citing Works Reference Matches
all All confirmed citations (default) 1,715,666 7,373,206 7,420,027
asserted Citations whose DOI was asserted by the publisher or matched by Crossref 582,302 1,269,805 1,277,754
mined Citations mined from reference metadata without a publisher or Crossref DOI assertion 1,325,785 6,104,684 6,142,273

The ambiguous_urls configuration holds 2,631 unresolved URL references. It is evidence for downstream resolution, not citations, and it is excluded from the counts above.

Build Identity

Field Value
Crossref snapshot 2026-07
DataCite release 2026-07
Run identity fingerprint f507938de2061f378eede88fccffc72bb5708f350e9677bb8e6edfd40e75f9d5
Extractor version 2.2.0
Artifact manifest metadata/pipeline-manifest.json

The manifest lists every published file with its size and SHA-256 digest; the SHA-256 of the manifest bytes identifies this publication.

Loading the Dataset 

from datasets import load_dataset

dataset = load_dataset("cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations")
asserted = load_dataset("cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations", "asserted")
mined = load_dataset("cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations", "mined")
ambiguous = load_dataset("cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations", "ambiguous_urls")

Data Schema

Citation Configurations (all, asserted, mined)

Each record contains:

Field Type Description
doi string Canonical lowercase DataCite DOI of the cited work
citation_count integer Number of distinct citing works in this configuration
cited_by array List of citing work objects
reference_count integer Number of confirmed reference tuples

Each citing work object in cited_by contains:

Field Type Description
doi string DOI of the citing work
provenance string Strongest provenance among this work's matches (publisher > crossref > mined)
matches array Reference matches from this citing work, in reference order

Each match contains:

Field Type Description
provenance string How this match was obtained (see below)
match_type string What was matched: doi, arxiv, url
raw_match string The exact reference text that matched (a substring, or a whole structured value)
reference struct The Crossref reference metadata (string-valued fields; absent keys are null)

ambiguous_urls

Field Type Description
citing_doi string DOI of the citing work
ref_index integer Position of the reference in the citing work's reference list
url string Normalized landing-page URL that matched several DataCite records
raw_match string The exact substring that matched
candidate_dois array Every DataCite DOI registered with this landing-page URL
reference struct The Crossref reference metadata (string-valued fields; absent keys are null)

Provenance Values

  • publisher - the reference's structured DOI field holds the DataCite DOI with doi-asserted-by: publisher
  • crossref - the reference's structured DOI field holds the DataCite DOI with doi-asserted-by: crossref
  • mined - any other match: a DOI, arXiv identifier, or registered landing-page URL found in the reference's DOI, URL, article-title, journal-title, or unstructured field (a structured DOI counts as mined unless doi-asserted-by is publisher or crossref)

The asserted config contains only publisher and crossref matches; the mined config contains only mined matches.

Extraction Process

References in the Crossref snapshot are scanned for DOIs, arXiv identifiers, and landing-page URLs. Each candidate is normalized and looked up in an index built from the DataCite monthly data file 2026-07: DOIs must be registered in DataCite, arXiv identifiers must map to a registered arXiv DOI, and URLs must equal the registered landing page of exactly one record. URLs registered by several records are recorded as ambiguous evidence instead.

Data Sources

Limitations

  • Only citations registered in Crossref reference metadata are included.
  • Only DOIs and landing-page URLs registered in DataCite are matched; works registered with other agencies are not represented.
  • Landing-page matching uses the URLs registered in the DataCite release 2026-07; earlier or historical URLs of a record are not matched.
  • Registered landing pages on DOI resolver hosts (doi.org, dx.doi.org, www.doi.org), bare site roots, and hosts without a dot are ignored for URL matching, so records registered with such a URL are matched only by DOI.
  • The dataset reflects one Crossref snapshot and one DataCite release; each publication replaces the previous contents rather than accumulating them.
  • References whose URL is registered by several DataCite records appear only in ambiguous_urls and are never counted as citations.
  • Reference parsing depends on successful identifier extraction from reference metadata; the mined subset may contain lower-quality matches from noisy reference text.

License

This dataset is released under CC0 1.0 Universal.

Citation 

@dataset{crossref_datacite_citations,
  title = {Crossref DataCite Citations},
  author = {Cometadata},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/cometadata/crossref-datacite-citations}
}
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